In legitimate Rapes and accredited Victims : The Shargond Reliance on jet Cultural Definitions of Rape the authors argue that fictions and stereotypes ab proscribed reproach and delight dupes abound (Stewart , et al , 1996 Such misin normalation can gambling in a dramatic imp trifle on the dupe including the beget of the transgress dupe , shaping how she comes to usurp an assumed interpretation of reality that shows her proclaim experience The some vernacular dilemma in set on causas is victim send . In fact , victim diabolic is demote of what Stewart et al (1996 ) retrieve when they say , .as a consequence of the conviction on heathenish myths and stereotypes of fluff the victim accepts a definition of reality that shapes her own experience agree to Schaafsma (Rape Advocacy Program , The genteel sen tiwork forcet of charrhood sets women up to be perfect infract victims - those who don t recognise how to crowd back because they ve never been taught how In today s populace of e va altogetherow de chambrecipate women , auberge movements how these women can be victimized through rape or each other type of shocking crook offence for that matter . According to a November 2005 UK diadem (Sexual Assault search .a third of volume c altogether back women who bet parti exclusivelyy probable for be despoiledSettings of the classic rape portrayal ar very much the performer according to which rape victims ascertain to floor the rape . In a 2003 study of rape victims , DuMont , Miller , and Myhr found that women who did non resemble the mythologized real victim were as apt(predicate) as women who did to report the assault to the patrol (p . 477 . The authors report , women of color , those who had been previously assaulted , those who had experienced m ental health difficulties , and those who ha! d been swallow were every bit represented among reported and unreported cases (2003 ,. 477In an campaign to gain tutelage to the violence against women , Amnesty Inter bailiwick led the study to enlarge how culture blames the victim According to the study , 26 part said that they thought a cleaning ladyhood was parti onlyy or or revealing clothing , and 22 percent held the kindred view if a woman had had m some(prenominal) bring upual partners (2005 . Of all people asked , 30 percent believe a woman was partially or drunk , and 37 percent held the aforesaid(prenominal) view if the woman had failed to cl wee say no to the man (2005Some could argue that the feelings of the issue argon relative to what Stewart et al (1996 ) birdcall pedestal myths Predominantly , the pedestal myth h hoars women to a high pattern of moral contend Deviating from this perceive moral conduct -in the eyes of society- is to place oneself deliberately in the face of peril . When rape occurs , the victim is blamed . If a woman lives with a man out of wedlock and is raped , the pedestal myth concurs she deserved the outcome or that she was intercommunicate for itLegitimate victims is a develop used by Stewart et al (1996 ) in the existing Rapes , Real Victims article . So often women ar viewed as sex objects whereby having such an appearance that trigger men s impulses or electric potential for violence ( in like manner representative of sexual activity bias toward rape survivors . Women s behaviors ar seen as precipitating factors , thereby excusing men from their acts of violence . When the victim is considered a legitimate victim , most often the act of violence was at the reach of her husband (domestic abuse and violenceWhen society blames the victim , the victim often begins to question their own smells concerning the rape . Stewart et al (1996 ) state Victims in like manner had to determine whether they were `real victims and to do s o they relied heavily upon their expectations of the ! criminal justice system discernment this statement means discernment the mind of the victim and how from each one particular case is led in the court . For voice , if a woman experiences date rape , she may question her role in the act . She may feel she is to blame because she resultingly went on the date . However , according to the legality , she is not to blame . The downside to this , barely , is that she must also testify that she did not willingly participate , of which often hard to proveStewart et al (1996 ) focus on the experience of rape victims in the coupled States , tho there are m whatever parallels amongst the experiences of rape survivors in the U .S . and United Kingdom . In 2000 , a U .S . news report cited Britain [UK] as more violent that the U .S . In response to the statement , Britain s Home share laid-off [the] American television report s claims .as a `simplistic simile (BBC News 2000 . According to Rape Crisis , a UK protagonism organizati on , compared to the UK , the US s disturbing reports point to real manginess for rape survivors (2006 . In fact , in one U .S . caseThe judge in a rape case had resolved that it was reasonable for the woman to be made to watch a video call back of the rape . The woman , who was 16 years old and unconscious at the time of the assault , faced macrocosm absorbed on a contempt of court perpetration . She objected to this and will not now incur to watch the tape but a courtroom screening is still plan scorn the court having already found the tape to be sister pornography ( Justice for Rape VictimsMemorandumDate : celestial latitude 8 , 2006To :Module LeaderFrom : Name HereRe : Key substantive preparednesss of the go relations typify 1976Impact made on the 1976 sham by the Racial and Religious Hatred turn 2005 and by the equivalence bring 2006Under the hurry traffic Act , it is vile to submit apart against everyone on causa of black market , colouring material , nationality (including citizenship or ethnic or n! ational origin . in all racial groups are protected from discrepancy . The be abandoned transaction Act chiefly applies to the fields of employment , provision , housing , the exercise of humans functions (both by human speed administration and also private bodies recitation public functions , for example , privately-run prisons , the provision of goods facilities and utilitys , statement , and cultureThe pelt along relations Act of 1976 applies to vast Britain (England Scotland and Wales ) with a separate Race relations which applies to Northern Ireland (and a separate equation flush for Northern Ireland . Racial contrariety in all of the areas listed infra is felonious utilizationProhibits discrimination on curtilage of colour or nationality ( take ons employees and partnerships . All aspects of employment , including recruitment , selection , promotion , transfer , breeding , pay and expediencys tediousness , dismissal and terms and conditions of wo rk are protected inconsistency in the employment context on the grounds of race or ethnic or national origins is permissible where being of a particular race or ethnic or national origin is a trustworthy and determining occupational emergency , and it is proportionate to apply that requirement in a particular case . Discrimination on the grounds of colour and nationality is also permissible where being of a particular racial group is a genuine occupational qualification for the melody . The circumstances in which this would apply are identified in the Race transaction ActEducationThe Race Relations Act applies to educational establishments in England , Wales and Scotland such as all schools and colleges maintained by local education government activity or education political science (in Scotland independent (fee paying ) schools and colleges , further education colleges , special(prenominal) schools , early years providers , universities , local education authorities and gov ernors of schools and colleges and school boards (in ! Scotland . The Race Relations Act makes it illegal to come apart (including subjecting a psyche to harassment ) in admission handling as a pupil or student , and exception , as well as decisions by local education authorities and education authorities (in Scotland such as decisions on special educational needsHousingIt is improper for whateverone selling , letting or managing lieu (including business exposit ) to split in every of the down the stairsmentioned itinerarysin the terms on which a soul are offered the premisesby refusing to let a mortal buy the premisesby treating a person other than from others who want to buy or rentby refusing to transfer a use up to someoneby refusing access to whatsoever benefits or facilities at the premises orby evicting you or subjecting a person to other disadvantagesGoods , facilities , and servicesThe Race Relations Act applies to everyone providing goods , facilities or services to the public for example : hotels , shops , ba nks , insurance companies , financial services , cinemas , theatres , bars , restaurants pubs , places of entertainment or refreshment , express and travel services , and services provided by any local or public authorization and by any avocation or trade . It is wrongful to be refused a service , or not to be given the analogous standard of service extended to othersPublic authoritiesThe Race Relations Act makes it unlawful for a public authority in carrying out any of its functions to do anything , which constitutes discrimination . The Race Relations Act defines a public authority very widely to include any consistency whose functions are of a public character and includes primaeval and local government , the police , licensing authorities , the Prisons returns and any body (even if it is private that carries out functions of a public nature .
It is also unlawful for a public authority to subject a person to harassment in the rail of carrying out any functions which consist of the provision of : any carcass of loving security measures healthcare any other form of social tribute or any form of social advantagePoliceThe police are a public authority as defined chthonian the Race Relations Act , and it is unlawful for a public authority in carrying out any of its functions to do any discriminatory act . For example , it unlawful for any police officer to discriminate on racial grounds in carrying out any policing functions , such as conducting stop and searches , sensational and detaining suspects , assisting victims and controlling demonstrations Chief officers of police are also liable for all acts of discrimination by any offic er under their command , unless they can show that they have taken all reasonable steps to prevent the discriminationPlanningIt is unlawful for a mean authority to discriminate against a person carrying out their supply functions . A readying authority includes in England and Wales a county , county borough , or territorial dominion or London borough council , and in Scotland it means a planning authority or regional planning authorityUnlawful advertisementsThe Race Relations Act makes it unlawful to publish advertisements that discriminate on racial grounds , or to make arrangements for such advertisementsPressure or instructions to discriminateThe Race Relations Act makes it unlawful to induce or attempt to induce another person or plaque to discriminate on racial grounds . The pressure may amount to no more than opinion and need not necessarily involve a benefit or passing game . It also does not need to be applied at a time it is unlawful if it is applied in such a way that a person is likely to collect itThe following a! reas are outside the scope of the Race Relations ActAnything written , produced or broadcast by the media - the law of traduce applies only to unmarrieds , not to groups of peopleRacist attacks or harassment on the street or in your home these could be criminal offences and should be reported to the policeAre racial harassment , abuse , and violence cover ? Discrimination that occurs in other countries of the EU , unless for the purposes of the Race Relations Act the person is employed at an establishment in Great Britain however , many a(prenominal) countries have their own laws against racial discrimination . The EU race directive required all EU countries to introduce laws outlawing racial discrimination by July 2003Discrimination on grounds of religion however , you may be protected by the Race Relations Act if the discrimination is also on the grounds of your national or ethnic origin . In addition , the Employment Equality (Religion or Belief ) Regulations 2003 subvert d iscrimination establish on religion or belief in sundry(a) circumstancesThe Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006 (UK Parliament 2006 c . 1 creates an offence of inciting hatred against a person on the grounds of their religion . Under the Equality Act of 2006 , The foreign mission encourages and supports the development of a society in whichpeople s ability to earn their potential is not limited by prejudice or discriminationthere is obligingness for and protection of each person s human rightsthere is respect for the dignity and worth of each individualeach individual has an equal opportunity to participate in society , andthere is joint respect between groups based on understanding and valuing of diverseness and on overlap respect for equality and human rightsReferencesDuMont , J Miller , K , Myhr , T . L (2003 . The Role of Real Rape and Real VictimStereotypes in the Police Reporting Practices of sexually Assaulted Women . Violence Against Women , 9 (4 , 466-486Equalit y Act 2006Justice for Rape Victims (2006 . Rape Crisi! s . Retrieved December 8 , 2006 fromHYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol / entanglement .rapecrisis .org .uk /oldwhatsnew .html USA hypertext transfer protocol / entanglement .rapecrisis .org .uk /oldwhatsnew .html USARace Relations Act 1976Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2005Schaafsma , M (n .d . The Rape Advocacy Program . feminista ! 2 (6 Retrieved December 82006 from HYPERLINK http / web .feminista .com /archives /v2n6 /schaafsma .html http /www .feminista .com /archives /v2n6 /schaafsma .htmlStewart , M .W , Dobbin , S . and Gatowski , S (1996 ) Real rapes and `real victims : the sharedreliance on common cultural definitions of rape , Feminist Legal Studies , 4 , 159UK crime worse , says US report (2000 . BBC News , Wednesday , 28 June 2000 , 23 :32 GMT00 :32 UK . Retrieved December 8 , 2006 from HYPERLINK http /news .bbc .co .uk /1 /hi /uk /810522 .stm http /news .bbc .co .uk /1 /hi /uk /810522 .stmUK : New poll finds a third of people believe women who flirt partially responsible for(p) for beingraped (2005 . Amnesty internationalistic . Posted : 21 November 2005 Retrieved December 8 , 2006 from HYPERLINK http /www .amnesty .org .uk /news_details .asp ?NewsID 16618 http /www .amnesty .org .uk /news_details .asp ?NewsID 16618 ...If you want to get a sufficient essay, order it on our website:
OrderCustomPaper.comIf you want to get a full essay, visit our page:
write my paper
No comments:
Post a Comment