Role and Functions of Law Paper

Based on reading from the week 1 material and the case brief given from week 1, there will be an explanation of how the Supreme Court’s language and results of the case reviewed show the preemptive power of congress in upholding the laws set forth by congress in opposition from the State Law. There will also be a review of the rulings effect on other states and peoples’ rights. The review of congresses decision about preempting state law in this case shows that the government has supreme rule over the land and in this case used it to protect the tobacco industry. Business law and law in society will also be reflected upon and how it might relate to a past or present job opportunity. In review of the Case Brief Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc. , it is clear that given the Supreme Court’s language and result of the case, that the preemption power of congress is too narrow. The basis for this case was the fact that the state law was conflicted with federal law regarding advertising and marketing techniques for the tobacco industry. Federal law is supreme when there are conflicting issues. A reason this could be viewed as too narrow, is because if there are any conflicting laws between state law and federal law there should be language in the statute that directly states the regulations and requirements or if there is not a direct statement, the state law would be preempted if it conflicts in any way with federal law. The Supreme Court’s ruling does not bar any resident from New Jersey or any other state, from bringing a suit against the tobacco companies. It shows that there were specifically enacted laws set-forth by congress that addresses the tobacco companies and how they can market and label the product. Based on this case, any person has the right to legally go after a tobacco company. This case is a great example of how state rules cannot conflict with federal law because the Supreme Court will use the Supremacy Clause to overrule the state law. Congress would want to preempt state law regarding the advertising and promotion of tobacco products because of taxes. The Federal Government makes money from cigarette sales and manufacturing. By congress being involved at a federal level it prevents the states from becoming involved at and preventing this flow of income for the Federal Government. Tobacco has recently been an increasing health issue and the government is protecting the tobacco industry. One reason for this could be the influence of the big tobacco companies in politics and how they can contribute to certain persons to get laws enacted in their favor. The functions and role of law in business and society are vast and must be narrowed down for better understanding. Law is important to businesses because it not only protects the business but it gives the business guidelines to follow to ensure fair dealing and also reliability of business transactions. It important that a business understand that there are rules that must be followed when conducting day-to-day transactions and they will be held accountable for their actions. Law regulates society by also holding individuals accountable for their actions. The law essentially defines the rules and also defines what happens if the rules are broken by an individual or business. The law affects my current position in sales and construction because when I moved into this position and with my current employer, I came from a competitor. This caused a few legal issues with proprietary manufacturing processes and my knowledge of these processes. I was required to sign confidentiality agreements about not sharing the information and processes I learned at my previous employer. The law protects my previous employer by not allowing me to share their manufacturing secrets with my current employer. After reviewing the case it appears that many of the laws enacted by congress are intended to protect certain industries or people in industries against local and state law. This helps avoid further litigation for the same issues time and again. This case showed the jurisdiction of where federal law and state laws are protected and how effective they are in court. Role and Functions of Law Paper Role and Functions of Law Paper Estella Ponce LAW/421 April 24, 2013 ROGER RODRIGUEZ Role and Functions of Law Paper According to Merriam Webster Online, law is â€Å"a binding custom or practice of a community; a rule of conduct or action prescribed or formally recognized as binding or enforced by a controlling authority,† The role and function of law is to maintain peace, personal freedom and social justice. What is Law? The meaning of Law functions is to maintain social control as well as to protect the public in resolving disputes in a peaceful manner.Laws are also facilitating an orderly change by spelling out acceptable processes for instituting change. Constitutional laws outline what governments can and cannot do. Law has been defined in so many ways. A body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by controlling authority, and having legal binding force (Melvin, p. 4, 2011) is one of the most generally accepted definitions Essentially law provides a way of resolving d isputes and dealing with individual who break the rules and regulations set forth from our government.Role of Law in Business Since the body of American law is so diverse, business law is broken down into three categories: †¢Criminal and Civil Law – These laws are of criminal or civil nature. Criminal law is for the protection of society of an individual breaking the law. Most violators are subject to fines and possibly imprisonment. Civil law are designed for individuals to be compensated for losses as a result of another’s actions. Substantive and Procedural law – Substantive law provides individuals with social rights and duties while procedural law gives structure for pursuing substantive rights. †¢Public and Private Law – Public law is the defining framework between an individual wand the government. Private law is where an individual contracts with each other where no specific statues or regulations are involved. These categories of law ar e very important to businesses and society, by having guidelines setup for individuals to abide by. These laws were also made for the protection of society (Melvin, p. 18, 2011). Role and Functions of Law Paper Role and Functions of Law Paper Estella Ponce LAW/421 April 24, 2013 ROGER RODRIGUEZ Role and Functions of Law Paper According to Merriam Webster Online, law is â€Å"a binding custom or practice of a community; a rule of conduct or action prescribed or formally recognized as binding or enforced by a controlling authority,† The role and function of law is to maintain peace, personal freedom and social justice. What is Law? The meaning of Law functions is to maintain social control as well as to protect the public in resolving disputes in a peaceful manner.Laws are also facilitating an orderly change by spelling out acceptable processes for instituting change. Constitutional laws outline what governments can and cannot do. Law has been defined in so many ways. A body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by controlling authority, and having legal binding force (Melvin, p. 4, 2011) is one of the most generally accepted definitions Essentially law provides a way of resolving d isputes and dealing with individual who break the rules and regulations set forth from our government.Role of Law in Business Since the body of American law is so diverse, business law is broken down into three categories: †¢Criminal and Civil Law – These laws are of criminal or civil nature. Criminal law is for the protection of society of an individual breaking the law. Most violators are subject to fines and possibly imprisonment. Civil law are designed for individuals to be compensated for losses as a result of another’s actions. Substantive and Procedural law – Substantive law provides individuals with social rights and duties while procedural law gives structure for pursuing substantive rights. †¢Public and Private Law – Public law is the defining framework between an individual wand the government. Private law is where an individual contracts with each other where no specific statues or regulations are involved. These categories of law ar e very important to businesses and society, by having guidelines setup for individuals to abide by. These laws were also made for the protection of society (Melvin, p. 18, 2011).

Managers responsibility Essay

The mangers most basic responsibility is to focus people toward performance of work activities to achieve desired outcomes. A manager is someone who works with and through other people by co-ordinating their work activities to accomplish organisational goals. (Robbins, Stagg, Coulter, 2003, p.10) This definition states, the fundamental responsibility of a manager, is to accomplish the organisations objectives by ‘getting things done through people’. There are however several ways of conceiving managerial responsibilities, as a ‘manager’ can be viewed from many different positions. Kontz (1999:179) argue that management is the process of setting and achieving goals through the execution of four basic management functions that utilize an organisation’s resources. These functions are planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. Goshal and Bartel (1995:89) however argues that the responsibility of manager cannot be clearly defined as planning, organizing controlling etc, and are better described by looking at the managers responsibility in their working environment. According to Goshal and Bartel (1999:183), the responsibility of managers varies according to their level of status within the organisation and the skills required in performing managerial duties change accordingly. I will discuss that managerial work can be classified into both organizational levels, basic skills and the four management functions that lead to the fundamental responsibility of a manager, – to effectively accomplish organisational goals by focusing people toward performance of work activities. cofa far sefafaw orfa Wood (1998:402) argue that the most important asset in effectively achieving desired oraganisational outcomes is people. It is argued that people are flexible, versatile, intelligent, durable and appreciate in value to the organisation through learning experiences. According to Wood, (1998: 397) the best way people can be used in an organisation, is through the decision making process directly related to management functions, – planning, organising, directing and controlling. It is a managers resposibility to understand the significant effect each sub-ordinates commitment has to these  functions, and actively carry out the functions of management in a way that best achieves this. Planning involves defining organisational goals and proposing ways to reach them. Managers establish an overall direction for the organisations future, identify and commit the resources required, and focus people towards their working activies to reach organisational objectives. After managers have prepared plans, they must translate these abstract ideas into reality. Organising is the process of creating a structure of relationships that will enable employees to carry out management’s plans and meet organisational goals. By organising effectively, managers can better coordinate human, material, and information resources. The manager has to make sure each sub-ordinate knows their individual goal and how they are going to achieve it. A successful plan may only be reached if management can utilize the organisations resources efficiently and effectively. Foucault After management has made plans, created a structure, and hired the right personnel, someone must direct the organization. Directing involves communicating and motivating others to perform the tasks necessary to achieve the organization’s goals. Interraction between the manager and sub-ordinate is the key for creating a focused working environment, and is critical in achieving a desired outcome. Directing provides leadership that from a manager/employee working relationship perspective is the raising of an employees performance to a higher standard, – beyond its normal limitations. The process of managerial leadership can be thought of as influencing others to direct their efforts toward the pursuit of specific goals. Knouse, Stephen, and Giacalone, (1992:375) back up this statement by claiming that managers who lead effectively establish three initiaitves from employees that is crucial in improving their work activities and decision making capabilities. Initially they gain the trust of sub-ordinates, – allowing people more freedom to act on instinct and make decisions. Second, leaders must clarify the direction in which people should be headed to satisfy organisational outcomes, through clear, consistent communication. This effectively helps employees feel confident in their decision making  abilities. Finally it states that effective leaders encourage others to take risks, further enabling peoples ability to think, create and make decisions. Control is verifying the actions of the organisation’s subordinates in accordance with the plans, instructions, and the established standards of performance. A manager should attempt to prevent problems, or to try to determine and solve them as soon as possible, if they happen to occur. Through constant control of focusing people towards work activities, the manager keeps the organisation working effectively.cofe fe As it can be seen, managers are required to be able to plan, organise, direct, and control. Goshal and Bartel (1995: 91) argue however that deviding a managers responsibility into tidy, discrete functions such as planning and organising is not relevant in todays working environment. It is argued that management is ‘messy and continuous’, particularly planning which is conceived as an ongoing process, rather than a separate bounded activity. According to Goshal and Bartel, the nature of manegerial work is better classified in terms of organisationl levels and basic skills. Robert L Katz identified three types of skills, – technical, human and conceptual which he writes are required for all levels of management. Robbins, Stagg, Coulter, 2003, p.13-14) Technical skills are those needed to perform the work in a specialised area. These skills involve the knowledge and ability to apply techniques, procedures, methods, and tools in a specific field. Interpersonal skills, include the ability to work with, understand, lead, and motivate others, and effective managers require interpersonal skills to get ‘the best out of their people’. Conceptual skills include the ability to plan, coordinate, and integrate all of the organization’s interests and activities. Also involved is the ability to understand how a change in a given part of the organization or its environment, can positively or negatively affect the focus of employees in their work activities which interrelates with the organisation desired outcomes. Katz found the relative importance of these skills varied according to the managers level within the organisation. Organisations can be viewed as having three basic levels of management with operational employees not requiring any manegerial duties. The manegerial jobs at the first level are known as first level management and are charged with overseeing operative employees. Technical skills are important at such lower organisational levels in which the manager needs to know the mechanics of how the work is done. Ghoshal, and Bartlett (1995:92) argue that first line supervisors (first level managers) are responsible and accountable for directing the workforce and for meeting production and service scheduals and quality standards. The responsibilty of first line managers to ensure employees are focused on work activities is therfor crucial in achieving a desired outcome. Middle managers are usually responsible for the performance of a particular organisational unit and direct the activities of other managers and sometimes those of operative employees. They implement strategic plans set fourth by top managers by establishing divisional objectives and operational objectives that will guide unit perormance to achieving desired outcomes. Technical and conceptual skills are required for effective middle management, but as is the role of first level management with operative employees, their basic responsibilty is to ensure these first level managers and to a lesser extent, operational employees are aware of what is required in achieving set objectives. Top managers have the broadest responsibilities and have the authority to develop plans that shape the overall direction of the organisation. Ghoshal and Bartlett (1995:93) argue that the time of a top manager is typically devoted to human relations and conceptual tasks. From a survey of some of America’s most effective corporations Goshal and Bartell (1995:93) found that leading executives of these firms spent approximately 85% of their time interracting with people on the phone or in meetings. It is also argued that of this 85% a large proportion of time is spent updating and ensuring middle managers are informed and focused on the work activities required to ensure the objectives of the organisation are achieved. In conclusion, managers are very important in a structured organisation. All  organisations operate in complex social working environment conditions where managers need to be developed in their interpersonal or people skills if they are going to be effective. Technical and conceptual skills vary in importance according to their managerial heirachy, however the one skill that remains constant at all levels is interpersonal. Goshal and Bartell (1995:93) argue that progressive organisations only look for people who possess a special predefined set of competencies relating to attitude, personality and behaviour for employement in management-leadership positions. These competencies guarantee that formulating business strategees and organisational goals will be met through the ‘coaching’ and interraction of managers and employees. Managers have the responsibility of planning, organising, directing and controlling the organisations activities that can only be effectively achieved through the use of efficent working employees. The four management functions require creativity, reasoning, and judgement to make decisions and it is the basic responsibility of a manager to direct people towards their specific role or task to ensure organistional goals are achieved. When a person is familiar with the subject and has the required data, they have the confidence to make effective decisions. This is the most basic responsibility of a manager, to focus people towards performance of work activites to ensure a desired outcome is achieved. References Ghoshal, S. and Bartlett, C. A. (1995), â€Å"Changing the Role of Top Management: Beyond Structure to Process†, Harvard Business Review, p 86-94coec ecr Knouse, Stephen B. and Giacalone, Robert A. (1992), â€Å"Management Decision Making in Business: Employee Issues and Concerns.† Journal of Business Ethics. 11 (51) pp.369 381. 6QbDHfKG ndd fodd dd! Kontz, H, (1999) ‘The Management Theory jungle’, Journal of the Academy of Management, 4, p174 -188codc dcr sedcdcw ordc dck indc fodc dc. Robbins, S, Bergman, R., Stagg, I. & Coulter, M. 2003, Management 3rd edn, Pearson Education Australia, French Forest Wood, D. J. (1998), â€Å"Social Issues in Management: Theory and Research in Corporate Social Performance†, Journal of Management 17(2), pp.383-406cocb cbr secbcbw orcb cbk incb focb cb.

Public Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Public Law - Essay Example Therefore, the Constitutional status quo that exists in the country has produced a very flexible system wherein governance is dependant upon political and democratic principles rather than a rigid system that relies upon written rules3. Parliament is sovereign, as articulated by Oxford Professor A.V. Dicey who stated that â€Å"in theory, Parliament has total power, it is sovereign† thereby it is the source of all valid authority.4 There is no formal separation of powers between the three branches of Government – the executive, the legislature and the judiciary. The functions of the executive and legislature are often mingled with that of the judiciary, since ministers who implement new acts are also involved in legislation, similarly judges in the House of Lords are also entitled to participate in the legislative business of the Upper House.5 Moreover, judicial independence under the UK Constitution is not exclusive of political interests. Judges are appointed by the Lord Chancellor, thus their functions cannot be judicially impartial, while Based upon the features of the U.K. Constitution as spelt out above, it may be noted that it is different from the Constitutions of other countries. One of the most important differences is that the UK Constitution is uncodified, while most other countries such as the United States, European and Asian countries have a formal Written Constitution that clearly lays out the principles upon which the nation is founded. In the United States and the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Constitutions clearly spell out a Federal, decentralized system of Government and the exact division of powers between the Centre and the States, as for example the tenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution.7 In Australia, the Australian Commonwealth Act of 19008 has handed over Constitutional control of the Privy Council to the Federal Government9, while retaining the independence of the States in other

Make comments on the blogs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Make comments on the blogs - Essay Example As far as I understood, the exhibition you work at is quite a huge one, as you have a lot of art works and the beach where the SxS is located must be large. But I’m interested in how do your staff managed to control all those territories, like looking after the sculptures preservation from weather changes and visitors’ carelessness etc. You’ve mentioned that there were some problems with the project’s sponsors. Why was that? Was the project commercially unprofitable? I thought that the projects like this one should definitely attract tourists, as they are quite convenient and located in travelled places. The post was absolutely useful to me, as I think that such very practical internships like yours are just extremely interesting, because you never know what kind of information you will learn while installing another piece of art. I can imagine how scary it was when you came there for the first time and had to get involved into what was going on there within a short time! I bet it was crazy, especially when you worked with installations, as it is such a responsibility not to mix up anything accidentally. Thanks for the post. It’s been very interesting! As I understood, you worked with the Vernon system for the first time? Was it difficult to figure out how everything in this system worked? Because I don’t get whether the problem with saving your entries concerned shutdowns of the system or the computer that your gallery provided you with? If it is the system, then why wouldn’t they upgrade it somehow? Cataloguing seems like a very boring kind of work though. I hope you finally defeated the system and had your job with cataloguing done! I can’t even imagine how angry it made you to rewrite the entries over and over. As more I read about your internship the more it seems really exciting to me. This is just amazing that you’ve had an opportunity to become familiar with such great artists like Tony Mott and get to know their art works

Research Paper Prospectus on the Economic and Financial Impact of the Proposal

Paper Prospectus on the Economic and Financial Impact of the Gulf Oil Spil - Research Proposal Example The world’s most sophisticated drill rigs, known as The Deepwater Horizon, was degraded to a mass of burnt metal in a split of seconds (Peppas, 2011). The rising demand for oil over the years meant that companies were drilling even deeper into the sea in an attempt to drill more oil. The oil spill occurred at a time when the industry was least expecting it; industry experts has speculated that the chance of an explosion was less than one percent (McCoy & Salerno, 2011). However, the incident painted an entirely different picture; thousands of individuals were cleaning up the oil spill, with thousands of devices screening the blowout. Discoverer Enterprise, the drill ship, howled loudly as it vent out methane gas that shot from the runway well (Peppas, 2011). Another rig, Q4, 000 which burnt oil and gas, simultaneously exploded (Peppas, 2011). What made matters worse was that the waters of the gulf were very difficult to reach; the terrain is very rough marked by canyons, ridge s and volcanoes (Farrell, 2011). The deposits lay buried under the salt ridges under the sea that were vulnerable to earthquakes. Furthermore, the temperatures underwater were freezing whereas the temperature of oil reservoirs was around 400 degrees (Upton, 2011). Economic concepts/approaches to be used in the research The economic concepts/ approaches to be involved are as follows: The concept of negative externalities: This concept explains the impact of individuals and/or corporations on a third-party (Hackett & Moore, 2011). They can be negative or positive; however, in this situation the externalities are likely to be negative rather than positive. Negative externalities shall revolve around the following : Damage to marine life Damage to local fishermen Damage to the coastal area’s economy Damage to U.S’s exports Damage to locals who inhale the toxic fumes Damage to individuals who consume the contaminated seafood Cost Benefit analysis of the clean up: This conce pt shall arise when the company involved decides to arrange for a cleanup of the oil spill as well as compensate the families of the deceased or affected people. BP shall have to weigh the private versus social costs and benefits associated with the remedies it take which shall be explored in the main research. As economic theory suggests the decision that BP takes may not be socially desirable because of corporations’ self-interest and focus on maximizing private net benefits rather than maximizing social net benefits (Ramseur & Ramseur, 2010). Expected findings/outcomes The findings expected are: Increasing unemployment- What shall be the impact on businesses whose earnings were tied to the Gulf of Mexico? Increasing government deficits in the region- What shall be the impact on fishermen who no longer have a source of income? Increase in national deficit- The deficit is expected to exceeding $2 million (Landau, 2011) Inflation in prices of agricultural products Higher taxe s- Politicians can use this opportunity to charge higher taxes on an already troubled population Ecological damage to Louisiana coast Damage to marine life- Oil has swept deep into the sand which is the breeding ground for most fruits and vegetables. If the oil isn’t cleaned up it can lead to intoxicated vegetables and fruits that can contaminate human life. Also toxic fumes have penetrated deep into the sea bed that can harm marine life, including fishes, disturbing their entire ecological system

Compare reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Compare reading - Essay Example Electronic music is music produced by means of electronic musical instruments. Examples of instruments that produce electromechanical sounds are the telharmonium, or also known as dynamophone, Hammond organ, and electric guitar. Devices like the sound synthesizer and Theremin can be used to produce electronic sound (Holmes, 2002). The capacity to record sounds is usually associated with electronic music production, but not totally needed for it. The very first documented recording equipment was invented by Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville in 1857, the phonautograph (Manning, 2013). A number of instruments were invented that used electromechanical designs and they encouraged the eventual appearance of electronic instruments. But the technological development that has made the biggest impact on music within the first half of the 20th century is the invention of the Telharmonium. The Telharmonium was invented by Thaddeus Cahill in the early 20th century. The microtonal scales were one of the most important developments in early 20th-century music made possible by the presence of telharmonium (Barela, 1997). As stated by Ferruccio Busoni, â€Å"Only a long and careful series of experiments, and a continued training of the ear, can render this unfamiliar material [microtonal scales] approachable and plastic for the coming generation and for Art† (Barela, 1997, p. 31). Telharmonium: The Musical Invention that Electrified the World The vitality of invention which emerged before the advent of the 20th century was simultaneous with a cultural interest in the new technological advancements that was unmatched. Inventors like Edison and Bell became legends who led a philosophy of industrial growth based on the capacity of controlled electricity. Among this group of inventor capitalists was Thaddeus Cahill, creator and designer of the original musical synthesizer, and originator of the electric typewriter (Dunn, n.d.). Although several attempts to create electronic musical equipment were initiated in early 20th century by William Duddell and Elisha Gray, they were somewhat uncertain or merely the consequences of other studies on electrical technology (Holmes, 2008). The invention of Cahill, the Telharmonium, is still the greatest and most determined effort to build an electronic musical instrument ever imagined. Under overwhelming technical challenges, Cahill was able to build the first model of Telharmonium in 1900. This electro-mechanical equipment made up of 145 alternators able to generate five octaves of changeable melodic content similar to orchestral quality. Its main function was composed of what is now called additive synthesis—a sound synthesis method that produces timbre. Because Cahill’s instrument was created prior to the availability of electronic amplification he had to make alternators that generated at least 10,000 watts (Dunn, n.d., pp. 2-4). Even though Cahill’s original purpose was merely to build a gen uinely advanced electronic instrument that has the ability to perform classical musical selections, he immediately aimed at its industrial use with the intention of providing music to private settings (e.g. homes) as a way of funding its construction. He built the New York Electric Music Company with this purpose in mind and embarked on

Music in The Baroque Period Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Music in The Baroque Period - Essay Example Human beings have songs designated for every occasion. Sometimes, it is a mark of ecstasy and sometimes it becomes a pedigree of classicism. There are innumerable genres of music across the globe which has evolved in different ages at different parts of the world. One such classical genre of music is Baroque music and it refers to a precise style of European classical music which tentatively extends from the period 1600 to that of 1750 (Jamini, D., â€Å"Harmony And Composition: Basics to Intermediate†). The era is followed by the renaissance era and the classical era follows the Baroque period. The word â€Å"baroque† has evolved from the Portuguese word â€Å"barroco† which stands for the meaning â€Å"misshapen pearl† (Clark, S., â€Å"Music Theory and Natural Order from the Renaissance to the Early Twentieth Century†). The meaning of the word stands for a negative description pertaining to ornate and heavily ornamented music of the period which was listened and performed. Also, it is being studied at a wider scale. The music from the baroque period is instrumental in composing a major portion of the canon pertaining to classical music. General Information Regarding the Music from the Baroque Period The music from the baroque period can be chronologically divided into three neat eras namely, Early Baroque Music extending from 1600 to 1654, Middle Baroque Music extending from 1654 to 1707 and Late Baroque Music extending from the years 1680 to 1750. The prominent composers of the Baroque era who have pioneered the music include the names of the illuminating luminaries like  Johann Sebastian Bach,  George Frideric Handel,  Alessandro Scarlatti, Antonio Vivaldi,  Georg Philipp Telemann,  Jean-Baptiste Lully,  Arcangelo Corelli,  Claudio Monteverdi,  Jean-Philippe Rameau  and  Henry Purcell (Arton, â€Å"Baroque Composers and Musicians†). The major technical transition that took place in the music of the Baroque period is that it witnessed the development of the functional tonality. During the Baroque period, the composers and performers started initiating wider and elaborate musical ornamentation. Major changes were also incorporated in the notation and its procedure and major development in playing new instrumental techniques were also evolved in the area of music during this period. Music during the Baroque period considerably and consistently expanded size, range, and the complex features of the instrumental performance. At the same time, the establishment of opera as a genre of music also took place in the world of classical European music. Interestingly, many musical terms pertaining to the technical and instrumental aspects of the music from this period are used elaborately even in the contemporary times. History of the Music of Baroque Period To begin with the history of the music from Baroque, it is evident to discuss the history of the name in the first place and then a brief overview of the three major eras in the music history and finally to culminate in to the transition of the music form the Baroque period to the Classical era preceding it and its influence after 1760. Music of the Baroque Period from 1600 to1654 To begin with the trajectory of music in the Baroque period, one must focus on the division of the Baroque period and Renaissance period. Baroque period began in Italy along with the formation of Folrentine Camerata. Florentine Camerata is referred to a group of humanist which comprised of poets and musicians along with

Compare and Contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Compare and Contrast - Essay Example Children in a stable home environment are more likely to perform well academically than students in an unstable home environment. Homes classified as stable generally have both parents living with the child. There is generally a support system in place and the child is reassured that he matters. Within the stable home, the family dines together maybe not for every meal but with some amount of consistency. Time is set aside for checking homework and parent-teacher meetings are attended regularly. This kind of environment cultivates confidence by reassuring the child that the parents do care and want what is best for him. This stability makes it easier for the child to face challenges when they arise and therefore makes him more focused on school. â€Å"When adolescents perceive their families as self sufficient, having freedom to make their own decisions then academic performances increases.† (Mohanraj and Latha 22) This in turn ensures better grades. Unlike the child in the st able home, the child in an unstable home environment on the other hand is faced with an environment characterized by tension and discomfort. In some cases a parent may be absent and the child is often left on his own. Data suggests that children in single parent households (especially where this was not the case before) may have a hard time coping and functioning (Berk 346).

Writing MEMO Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writing MEMO - Assignment Example I had also kept site and server licensing up to date, as well as firmed up user access and security. As a result of my efforts, the unit I served experienced no major system failures during the year, and minor complaints or requests for assistance had been resolved within the same working day as they had been filed. My present strengths include technical proficiency and an in-depth knowledge of IT systems, which have served to improve my unit’s response times to 97% from a previous 84%. Aside from this, I have developed an excellent working relationship with my team and co-workers because of a genuine liking for people and an ease of getting along with others even in critical situations. Furthermore, I welcome challenges at work, which provide me an opportunity to grow and improve in those areas I my find myself lacking. While my technical competence and people skills have served me well in the past, I believe that there is room for growth in areas closely associated with my systems development function, such as matters concerning business applications – that is, logistics and materials inventory, financial management and control, strategic goals setting, human resources development, and so forth. In developing a comprehensive IT system, I feel that a deeper understanding of these fields will enhance the responsiveness of the systems I could develop and network for an improved information delivery system for the company. My immediate plan is to complete the advanced technical IT course I am currently undertaking, which shall be accomplished in the next two months, and thereafter to enroll in a Masters in Business Administration program to complement my present bachelor’s degree in MIS. In the course of discharging my duties as systems analyst, I have seen the need for a multifaceted approach to IT systems

Sedimentary or metamorphic rocks and engineering issues Essay

Sedimentary or metamorphic rocks and engineering issues - Essay Example der, 2001).   Given the ability of engineers to measure all these, an emphasis on the latter is quite important in order to provide insight that would at least help in reducing earthquake intensities in the society. Particularly, the understanding of sedimentary rocks and their contribution to earthquakes intensities is necessary. To start with, earthquake shaking starts from the rupturing fault and then continues at other distances away from the fault. Earthquake shaking intensity is supposed to decrease as the distance from the rupturing fault decreases. However, it has been observed that shaking in one site is sometimes stronger than shaking in another site. Sometimes, this shaking can be ten times higher or stronger than shaking in another site (Ammon, 1997). Geologists have come up with information relating sedimentary rocks with earthquake shaking intensities. Geologists argue that shaking is always high in areas of softer rocks. In addition, shaking is amplified in areas of thicker sediments compared to areas of thin sediments. As it has been observed, the major reason why sedimentary rocks are associated with shaking intensities is because they are soft (Denecke & Series, 2003). An explanation of the relationship between sedimentary rocks and earthquakes shows that seismic waves’ speed is much higher in hard rocks when compared to sedimentary rocks. This is because the latter are soft as it has been explained earlier. In areas with different rock types, waves tend to pass through harder rocks to the softer rocks, they slow down. However, in order to carry the same energy carried in the hard rocks, they tend to get bigger than before. Therefore, shaking at sites that have soft rock layers is stronger since the seismic waves tend to move slowly as shown in Figure 1 and 2 (SCEC, 2014). The loss of life and properties associated with earthquake intensities can actually be controlled by avoiding buildings in area of soft sedimentary rocks. If this is not

Sunshine State Essay Example for Free

Sunshine State Essay Sunshine state is a movie which talks about racial differences, nature and cooperation. Sunshine state was set in Plantation Island which is in Florida. The island is a evidence of a notorious racial segregation. The African-American lives in the vicinity of Lincoln beach while the whites are situated in Delrona Beach. The movie focuses on the two aspects: real estate development which sacrifices the nature and racial segregation. A large scale corporate development is altering the lives of two communities: one black and the other white. The coastline of Plantation Island is planned to develop and turned into an upscale resort; however the local inhabitants have different opinions regarding the development. Mary Temple, is the six generation who owns a motel at Delrona beach. She is tempted to sell her property however her parental obedience is preventing her to sell it. Her former husband, Steve wants the motel to be sold immediately because of the value it possesses. The environment was portrayed as a money generating machine, but the local see it as a symbol of their cultural heritage. They already got used to place they were living and they do not want progress because they know that progress can change their lifestyle They are not prepared for a change that would destroy the only thing that reminds them of their past. One of the golfer said that the environment is overrated. I do not agree to this statement. The environment is not given too much hype; it is how it should be. I believe that the environment should stay the way as it is, undisturbed and preserved. The environment does not deserve to be improved nor be destroyed just for the satisfaction of men. The coastline of Plantation Island should be preserved because it represents the people who are living there. John Sayles’ did a great job in this movie; though it may look a little dull John Sayles has successfully impart the message of the film. I like how Sayles used different characters to get the audiences’ attention. The commentaries of the golf players were hilarious. It was something that got me attach to the movie. The subplot was a lackluster; I don’t see how it was related to the main plot. Overall, the movie is a good eye opener for people who believed that progress is a solution to the rising problem economic problem. Progress is not a solution, it is just a innovation that only solves the immediate problem but does not necessarily solve the root of the problem. Work Cited Seamon, David. Place, Placelessnes, Insideness and Outsideness in John Sayle’s Sunshine State. Journal of Media Geography.

History of Coffee Essay Example for Free

History of Coffee Essay The global spread of coffee growing and drinking began in the Horn of Africa, where, according to legend, coffee trees originated in the Ethiopian province of Kaffa. It is recorded that the fruit of the plant, known as coffee cherries, was eaten by slaves taken from present day Sudan into Yemen and Arabia through the great port of its day, Mocha. Coffee was certainly being cultivated in Yemen by the 15th century and probably much earlier. In an attempt to prevent its cultivation elsewhere, the Arabs imposed a ban on the export of fertile coffee beans, a restriction that was eventually circumvented in 1616 by the Dutch, who brought live coffee plants back to the Netherlands to be grown in greenhouses. Initially, the authorities in Yemen actively encouraged coffee drinking. The first coffeehouses or kaveh kanes opened in Mecca and quickly spread throughout the Arab world, thriving as places where chess was played, gossip was exchanged and singing, dancing and music were enjoyed. Nothing quite like this had existed before: a place where social and business life could be conducted in comfortable surroundings and where for the price of a cup of coffee anyone could venture. Perhaps predictably, the Arabian coffeehouse soon became a centre of political activity and was suppressed. Over the next few decades coffee and coffeehouses were banned numerous times but kept reappearing until eventually an acceptable way out was found when a tax was introduced on both. By the late 1600’s the Dutch were growing coffee at Malabar in India and in 1699 took some plants to Batavia in Java, in what is now Indonesia. Within a few years the Dutch colonies had become the main suppliers of coffee to Europe, where coffee had first been brought by Venetian traders in 1615. This was a period when the two other globally significant hot beverages also appeared in Europe. Hot chocolate was the first, brought by the Spanish from the Americas to Spain in 1528; and tea, which was first sold in Europe in 1610. At first coffee was mainly sold by lemonade vendors and was believed to have medicinal qualities. The first European coffeehouse opened in Venice in 1683, with the most famous, Caffe Florian in Piazza San Marco, opening in 1720. It is still open for business today. The largest insurance market in the world, Lloyds of London, began life as a coffeehouse. It was started in 1688 by Edward Lloyd, who prepared lists of the ships that his customers had insured. The first literary reference to coffee being drunk in North America is from 1668 and, soon after, coffee houses were established in New York, Philadelphia, Boston and other towns. The Boston Tea Party Of 1773 was planned in a coffee house, the Green Dragon. Both the New York Stock Exchange and the Bank of New York started in coffeehouses in what is today known as Wall Street. In 1720 a French naval officer named Gabriel Mathieu de Clieu, while on leave in Paris from his post in Martinique, acquired a coffee tree with the intention of taking it with him on the return voyage. With the plant secured in a glass case on deck to keep it warm and prevent damage from salt water, the journey proved eventful. As recorded in de Clieus own journal, the ship was threatened by Tunisian pirates. There was a violent storm, during which the plant had to be tied down. A jealous fellow officer tried to sabotage the plant, resulting in a branch being torn off. When the ship was becalmed and drinking water rationed, De Clieu ensured the plant’s survival by giving it most of his precious water. Finally, the ship arrived in Martinique and the coffee tree was re-planted at Preebear. It grew, and multiplied, and by 1726 the first harvest was ready. It is recorded that, by 1777, there were between 18 and 19 million coffee trees on Martinique, and the model for a new cash crop that could be grown in the New World was in place. But it was the Dutch who first started the spread of the coffee plant in Central and South America, where today it reigns supreme as the main continental cash crop. Coffee first arrived in the Dutch colony of Surinam in 1718, to be followed by plantations in French Guyana and the first of many in Brazil in the state of Para. In 1730 the British introduced coffee to Jamaica, where today the most famous and expensive coffee in the world is grown in the Blue Mountains. The 17th and 18th centuries saw the establishment across Brazil of vast sugar plantations or fazendas, owned by the country’s elite. As sugar prices weakened in the 1820’s, capital and labour migrated to the southeast in response to the expansion of coffee growing in the Paraiba Valley, where it had been introduced in 1774. By the beginning of the 1830’s Brazil was the world’s largest producer with some 600,000 bags a year, followed by Cuba, Java and Haiti, each with annual production of 350 to 450,000 bags. World production amounted to some 2. 5 million bags per year. The rapid expansion of production in Brazil and Java, among others, caused a significant decline in world prices. These bottomed out in the late 1840’s, from which point a strong upward movement occurred, reaching its peak in the 1890’s. During this latter period, due mainly to a lack of inland transport and manpower, Brazilian expansion slowed considerably. Meanwhile, the upward movement of prices encouraged the growth of coffee cultivation in other producing regions in the Americas such as Guatemala, Mexico, El Salvador and Colombia. In Colombia, where coffee had been introduced by the Jesuits as early as 1723, civil strife and the inaccessibility of the best coffee-growing regions had hampered the growth of a coffee industry. Following the â€Å"Thousand Days War† of 1899 to 1903, the new peace saw Colombians turn to coffee as their salvation. While larger plantations, or haciendas, dominated the upper Magdalena river regions of Cundinamarca and Tolima, determined peasants staked new claims in the mountainous regions to the west, in Antioquia and Caldas. New railways, relying on coffee for profit, allowed more coffee to be grown and transported. The opening of the Panama Canal in 1914 permitted exports from Colombia’s previously unreachable Pacific coast, with the port of Buenaventura assuming increasing importance. In 1905 Colombia exported five hundred thousand bags of coffee; by 1915 exports had doubled. While Brazil desperately tried to control its overproduction, Colombian coffee became increasingly popular with American and European consumers. In 1914 Brazil supplied three-quarters of U. S. imports with 5. 6 million bags, but by 1919 that figure had fallen to 4. 3 million, while Colombia’s share had risen from 687,000 to 915,000 bags. During the same period Central American exports to the U. S. had risen from 302,000 to 1. 2 million bags. In spite of political turmoil, social upheaval and economic vicissitude, the 20th century saw an essentially continuous rise in demand for coffee. U. S. consumption continued to grow reaching a peak in 1946, when annual per capita consumption was 19. 8 pounds, twice the figure in 1900. Especially during periods of high global prices, this steadily increasing demand lead to an expansion in production throughout the coffee-growing regions of the world. With the process of decolonisation that began in the years following the Second World War, many newly independent nations in Africa, notably Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda and Burundi, found themselves in varying degrees dependent on coffee export revenue. For US coffee drinkers, the country’s wettest city, Seattle, has become synonymous with a new type of cafe culture, which, from its birth in the 1970s, swept the continent, dramatically improving the general quality of the beverage. This new found evangelism for coffee has spread to the rest of the world, even to countries with great coffee traditions of their own, such as Italy, Germany, and Scandinavia, adding new converts to the pleasures of good coffee. Today it is possible to find good coffee in every major city of the world, from London to Sydney to Tokyo; we are drinking more and, more importantly, better coffee. The importance of coffee to the world economy cannot be overstated. It is one of the most valuable primary products in world trade, in many years second in value only to oil as a source of foreign exchange to producing countries. Its cultivation, processing, trading, transportation and marketing provide employment for hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Coffee is crucial to the economies and politics of many developing countries; for many of the worlds Least Developed Countries, exports of coffee account for more than 50 percent of their foreign exchange earnings. Coffee is a traded commodity on major futures and commodity exchanges, most importantly in London and New York. ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTION I. FACILITIES According to the experts and professionals, the facilities must be divided into series of modules which can be combined as required to suit a particular location. The following modules are included: A. Administrative Service †¢ Lobby 15 m? †¢ Information and Reception area 10 m? †¢ Toilet 1. 67 m? B. Employee Facilities †¢ Cafeteria and Kitchen 30 m? †¢ Recreation Area (Indoor and Outdoor) 50 m? †¢ Factory Men’s and Women’s Lockers and Toilets 35 m? †¢ Office Men’s and women’s Lockers and Toilets 35 m? †¢ Meeting area 45 m? †¢ Nurse’s station and First Aid 25 m? C. Warehouse 200 m? D. Wet Processing Area (Produces Washed Coffee) †¢ Cherry reception/Sorting Area 15 m? /machine †¢ Floatation Area 30 m? †¢ Pregrader/Pulper Area 15 m? /machine †¢ Pregrading Area 25 m? †¢ Fermentation Area 35 m? †¢ Washing Area 25 m? †¢ Grading Area 15 m? /machine †¢ Skin Drying Area 15 m? /machine †¢ Sun and or Mechanical drying area 20 m? /machine †¢ Storage 35 m? †¢ Toilet( Men and Women) 6 m? E. Dry Processing Area( Produces Original Coffee) †¢ Cherry reception/Sorting area 15 m? /machine †¢ Floatation area 25 m? †¢ Skin drying and raking area 20 m? /machine †¢ Storage/conditioning area 35 m? †¢ Toilet(Men and Women) 6 m? F. Coffee Milling Area 25 m? /machine G. Packaging Area 20 m? /machine H. Cocoa Processing (to produce cocoa butter, cocoa powder) †¢ Cocoa Bean Reception Area 30 m? †¢ Cleansing and Shelling Area 45 m? †¢ Winnowing And Roasting Area 30 m? †¢ Grinding and Refining Area 15 m? /machine †¢ Alcalizing Area 20 m? †¢ Pressing Area 20 m? /machine †¢ Milling Area25 m? /machine †¢ Bagging Area 25 m? /machine †¢ Storage 35 m? I. Delivery Loading/Unloading Area 80 m? J. Parking Area 100 m? K. Villas for tourist 3600 m? †¢ Villa lot size 120 m? L. Villas for Workers 3000 m? †¢ Villa lot size 90 m? M. Museum 150 m? N. Coffee Spa 200 m? O. Restaurant 200 m? P. Horse Back riding 500 m? Q. Sports and Recreational Facilities 1500 m? Machinery and Equipments (Wet Process and Dry Process) †¢ Vertical Dick Type Coffee Pulper VCP 700 †¢ Vertical Disk Type Coffee Pulper VCP – 5000 †¢ Vertical Dick Type Coffee Pulper VCP – 200 †¢ Bucket Elevators 1 †¢ Bucket Elevators 2 †¢ Coffee Hullers †¢ Coffee Graders †¢ Gravity Separators †¢ Catador †¢ 50 kg/hour Coffee Roaster †¢ 150 kg/hour Coffee Roaster †¢ 70 kg/hour Coffee Roaster †¢ Coffee Grinder †¢ Coffee Mixer Machine Harverster †¢ Korvan Harvester †¢ Brastoft Harvester. Details and Images of Machineries and Equipments attached in Appendix I BREWING TIPS FOR THAT PERFECT CUP †¢ Buy freshly roasted coffee in whole beans. Coffee is best consumed within 60 days from when it was roasted. †¢ Store in an air tight container away from light. †¢ Grind your coffee as you need it. Make sure that you use the right grind for your brewing system. †¢ Use cold filtered water that is pleasant tasting. †¢ Use one standard coffee measure or two tablespoons per 6 oz cup of coffee †¢ To keep your brewed coffee longer transfers it to a thermos. Space Programming (Coffee Processing) Space Programming (Employee Facilities). Site Selection I. Criteria for Site Selection |Location |It should be located in an agricultural zone with soil that are deep, well-drained | | |and rich in organic matter | |Size |30 to 50 hectares | |Accessibility |Easy access to Metro Manila, to major to minor road | |Transportation |Must be reachable through commuters and private vehicles | |Climate/Environment |Climate which has sharply defined wet and dry season, the mean temperature is 20o to| | |38o Celsius | |Topography |Relatively flat | |Utilities |Accessible to water main, proper sewage system, electrical service and communication | | |networks |. Site Selection |Criteria |Site A |Site B |Site C | | |(Sumulong,Batangas) |(Lipa City, Batangas) |(Lipa City, Batangas) | |Location It should be located in |It is located in an agricultural |It is located in agricultural zone|It is located in agricultural | |an agricultural zone with soil that|zone of brgy. Simulong Batangas |of Brgy. Pinagkawitan, City of |zone of Brgy. Pussil. City of | |are deep, well-drained and rich in |City |Lipa |Lipa | |organic matter | | | | |Size – 30 to 50 hectares. |20 hectares |55 hectares |24 hectares | |Utilities Accessible to water | National Power Corporation, |National Power Corporation, |National Power Corporation, | |main, proper sewage system, |Batangas Water District |Batangas Water District, PLDT, |Batangas Water District, PLDT, | |electrical service and | |Digitel Telecommunication Phils. |Digitel Telecommunication | |communication networks | |And Globe Telecom |Phils. And Globe Telecom | |Accessibility Easy access to |Easy access to Metro Manila, to |Easy access to Metro Manila |Easy access to Metro Manila | |Metro Manila, to major and minor |major and minor road |To major to minor road |to major to minor road | |road | | | | |Transportation Must be reachable|Public utility vehicles |Public utility vehicles |Public utility vehicles | |through commuters and private |Private vehicles |Private vehicles |Private vehicles | |vehicles | | | | |Topography – Relatively flat |Relatively flat | Relatively flat | Relatively flat |. |Climate Climate which has sharply|Temperature of 26 ° / 38 °c, wet |Temperature of 25 ° / 36 °C wet |Temperature of 25 ° / 38 °C wet | |defined wet and dry season, the |and dry season |and dry season |and dry season | |mean temperature is 20o to 38o | | | | |Celsius | | | | Based from the site selection, Site B is the best site among the other site choices. Site B is strategically located in well – agricultural zone and meets the entire requirement needed in the proposal in term of conditions of land and distance from the Brgys. Apparently Site B heading the most perfect site for the proposal since, it is near from the commercial areas and its in agricultural zone III. Profile of Site A. Locations Situated in near Brgy. Pinagkawitan, Lipa City, Batangas, Boundaries: South Luzon Expressway, Padre Torres Provincial Road B. Size – As recommended the size of the site 30 to 50 Hectares is near and most rated in the site category and most preferred site standard to the proposal. C. Accessibility – the site accessibility is no problem at all since; the site is adjacent to the expressway and major road in Batangas D. Utilities – Telephone, Fax, Radio, Electricity from National Power Corporation, water supply from Batangas Water District E. Transportation – Public Utility vehicles and rivate vehicles F. Topography – flat terrain Map and details of the site are attached in Appendix II DESIGN CONCEPT Modern architecture is a term given to a number of building styles with similar characteristics, primarily the simplification of form and the elimination of ornament. The style was conceived early in the 20th century. Modern Architecture was adopted by many influential architects and architectural educators, however very few Modern buildings were built in the first half of the century. It gained popularity after the Second World War and became the dominant architectural style for institutional and corporate buildings for three decades. CHARACTERISTICS Modern architecture is usually characterized by: †¢ a rejection of historical styles as a source of architectural form (historicism) †¢ an adoption of the principle that the materials and functional requirements determine the result. †¢ an adoption of the machine aesthetic †¢ a rejection of ornament †¢ a simplification of form and elimination of unnecessary detail †¢ an adoption of expressed structure †¢ Form follows function DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ZONING: Zoning determines the size and use of buildings, where they are located and, in large measure, the densities of the city’s diverse neighborhoods. Along with the city’s power to budget, tax, and condemn property, zoning is a key tool for carrying out planning policy. ACCESSIBILITY: Accessibility is a general term used to describe the degree to which a product (e. g. , device, service, and environment) is accessible by as many people as possible. DISABILITIES: The disability rights movement advocates equal access to social, political, and economic life which includes not only physical access but access to the same tools, services, organizations and facilities which we all pay for. STABILITY: Stability of the propose building must be consider. The builfing must withstand any circumstances that might affect and might destroy it, like an earthquake. References Burea of Agricultural Statistics Department of Agriculture Nescafe Philippines Inc Nestle Philippines Inc P. D. 856 – Code on Sanitation of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and Regulations P. D. 1096 – National Building Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing P. D. 1185 – Fire Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and Regulations R. A. 184 – Philippine Electrical Code R. A.1378 – National Plumbing Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing http://www. tupeloplantation. com/documents/tupelo-plantation-pud. pdf www. internationalorganizationofcoffee. inc http://www. charityfarm. co. uk/charityfarm. htm http://www. vetiver. org/ETH_WORKSHOP_09/ETH_A6a. pdf http://www. losaricoffeeplantation. com/ http://xandercap. com/Documents/New%20Exec%20Summary%20-%20V2. pdf www. internationalorganizationofcoffee. inc Time-Saver Standards for Building Types. McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1980 THE SITE.

Sociodemographic Characteristics of Community Colleg

Sociodemographic Characteristics of Community Colleg This chapter presents the results of the study. Included are an analysis of the five research questions and the six hypotheses of the study. This chapter concludes with a summary of the information presented in this chapter concerning the quantitative statistical findings of this study. As previously indicated, job satisfaction is a term that is difficult to describe as a single construct, and the definition of job satisfaction varies between studies (Morice Murray, 2003; Protheroe, Lewis Paik, 2002; and Singer, 1995). In higher education, a number of researchers have discussed the importance of continuous research on job satisfaction among community college faculty (Bright, 2002; Green, 2000; McBride, Munday, Tunnell, 1992; Milosheff, 1990; Hutton Jobe, 1985; and Benoit Smith 1980). A reason suggested for the continuous study of community college faculty, is the value of data received from such studies in developing and improving community college faculty and their practices (Truell, Price, Joyner, 1998). The purpose of this study was to examine job satisfaction of community college instructional faculty in regards to their role as teachers. Analysis of Research Questions Research question one sort to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of community college instructional faculty. This research question included three variables (gender, age, and race/ethnicity). Sociodemographic Characteristics Gender There were 371 participants in the sample, of which 188 were male and 183 were female. In regards to gender, the analysis showed that 51% of the sample size included males and 49% of the sample size were female. Table 1 identifies the frequency and percentage results as they relate to gender of community college faculty. Table 1. Gender Distribution of Community College Instructional Faculty Gender Percent Frequency Male 51% 188 Female 49% 183 Total 100% 371 Age The sample size consisted of 371 participants. For age, the analysis displayed that 16% of the faculty were both under 30 and between ages 30 and 34 while17% were between ages 35 and 39. 15% of community college instructional faculty were between 40 and 44, while 14% were in the age range of 45 to 50. The last age range consisted of participants who were 50 or over, which was 21%. Even though the largest percentage of faculty members are 50 or over, faculty members who are 34 or under total 32% which indicates that the majority of faculty are under the age of 34. Table 2 identifies the frequency and percentage results as they relate to the variable of age of community college faculty. Table 2. Age Distribution of Community College Instructional Faculty Age Percent Frequency Under 30 16% 60 30-34 16% 60 35-39 17% 65 40-44 15% 57 45-49 14% 51 50 and over 21% 79 Total 100% 371 Race and Ethnicity The sample size consisted of 371 participants. The variable race/ethnicity showed that 83% of the participants were White, Non-Hispanic; 7% were Black, Non-Hispanics; 3% were Asian, Non-Hispanics; 1% were both American Indian, Non-Hispanics and Pacific Islanders Non-Hispanics; 2% were More than one race, Non-Hispanic; and 5% were Hispanics. Over 80% of the participants (308) were White, Non-Hispanic. Table 3 identifies the frequencies and percentages for the variable of race/ethnicity. Table 3. Race/Ethnicity of Community College Instructional Faculty Race/Ethnicity Percent Frequency White, Non-Hispanic 83% 308 Black, Non-Hispanic 7% 25 Asian, Non-Hispanic 3% 11 American Indian, Non-Hispanic 1% 1 Pacific Islanders, Non-Hispanic 1% 1 More than one race, Non-Hispanic 2% 7 Hispanics 5% 18 Total 100% 371 Research question two sort to describe the nature of employment characteristics of community college instructional faculty. This research question included three variables (rank, employment status, and tenure status). Nature of Employment Characteristics Employment Status There were 371 participants in the sample, of which 126 were employed full time and 245 were employed part time. In regards to employment status, the analysis showed that 34% of the sample size was employed full time and 66% of the sample size were employed part time. Table 4 identifies the frequency and percentage results as it relates to employment status of community college faculty. Table 4. Employment Status Distribution of Community College Instructional Faculty Employment Status Percent Frequency Full time 34% 126 Part time 66% 245 Total 100% 371 Rank The sample size consisted of 371 participants. In regards to rank, the analysis displayed that 9% of the sample size was identified as professors. Associate professors were identified at 5% of the sample size while Assistant professors were identified at 4%. Instructors were identified as 45% of the participants and lecturers were identified at 2%. Faculty with other titles were identified at 30% and 5% of the participants answered the question as not applicable. More than 40% of the participants (167) were identified as instructors. Table 5 identifies the frequency and percentage results as they relate to the ranking of community college faculty. Table 5. Rank Distribution of Community College Instructional Faculty Rank Percent Frequency Professor 9% 30 Associate professor 5% 19 Assistant professor 4% 15 Instructor 45% 167 Lecturer 2% 7 Other titles 30% 111 Not applicable 5% 22 Total 100% 371 Tenure Status The sample size consisted of 371 participants. In regards to tenure status, the analysis showed that 18% of the faculty were tenured; 6% of faculty were on a tenure track, but are not tenured; and 76% of faculty are not on a tenure track. More than 70% of the participants (282) were identified as faculty not on a tenure track. Table 6 identifies the frequency and percentage results as they relate to the tenure status of community college faculty. Table 6. Tenure Status of Community College Instructional Faculty Tenure Status Percent Frequency Tenured 18% 67 On tenure track, but not tenured 6% 22 Not on tenure track 76% 282 Total 100% 371 Job Satisfaction of Community College Instructional Faculty Research question three was designed to describe the job satisfaction of community college instructional faculty based on the eight components (Authority to make decisions; Benefits; Equipment/facilities; Instructional support; Overall; Salary; Technology-based activities; and Workload) of job satisfaction from the National Study of Postsecondary Faculty Survey NSOPF: 04. The sample size consisted of 366 participants. In regards to job satisfaction, the analysis showed that 73% of the faculty were very satisfied with authority to make decision; 34% of faculty were somewhat satisfied with benefits; 44% of faculty were very satisfied with equipment and facilities; 40% were somewhat satisfied with instructional support; 55% were very satisfied with overall job satisfaction; 42% were somewhat satisfied with salary; 53% were very satisfied with technology-based activities; and 50% of faculty were very satisfied with workload. Table 6 identifies the frequency and percentage results as they relate to the job satisfaction of community college faculty. Table 7. Job Satisfaction of Community College Instructional Faculty Satisfaction Percent Frequency Authority to Make Decisions Very satisfied 73% 268 Somewhat satisfied 22% 81 Somewhat dissatisfied 4% 14 Very dissatisfied 1% 4 Total 100 366 Benefits Very satisfied 27% 106 Somewhat satisfied 34% 127 Somewhat dissatisfied 19% 70 Very dissatisfied 18% 67 Total 100 371 Equipment/facilities Very satisfied 44% 161 Somewhat satisfied 38% 140 Somewhat dissatisfied 14% 51 Very dissatisfied 4% 15 Total 100 366 Instructional support Very satisfied 37% 134 Somewhat satisfied 40% 147 Somewhat dissatisfied 17% 62 Very dissatisfied 6% 23 Total 100 366 Job overall Very satisfied 55% 203 Somewhat satisfied 38% 141 Somewhat dissatisfied 6% 22 Very dissatisfied 1% 5 Total 100 371 Salary Very satisfied 29% 106 Somewhat satisfied 42% 157 Somewhat dissatisfied 18% 67 Very dissatisfied 11% 41 Total 100 371 Technology-based activities Very satisfied 53% 195 Somewhat satisfied 35% 129 Somewhat dissatisfied 9% 32 Very dissatisfied 3% 10 Total 100 366 Workload Very satisfied 50% 187 Somewhat satisfied 34% 127 Somewhat dissatisfied 11% 41 Very dissatisfied 4% 17 Total 100 371 Predictive Relationship between Sociodemographic Characteristics, Nature of Employment Characteristics and Job Satisfaction Research questions four and five examined the predictive relationship between gender, nature of employment, (rank, employment s

Maharaja Ranjit Singh: The Sikh Ruler, In The Eyes Of Non-sikhs :: essays research papers

According to the famous historian Carlyle, a worthy sovereign should be judged from a sole factor as to how he employs his sword after being victorious. ********** Le Griffin writes that: "Maharaja Ranjit Singh ruled his kingdom exactly according to the Sikh way of life and Sikhism considers everyone as friends and talks about the welfare of all irrespective of caste and creed." ********** The spirit of Gurbani couplet, "The one Lord is the Father of all and we are the children of the one Lord rules supreme in every Sikh heart." Charles Hugal, writes in his book, "Travels in Kashmir and Punjab", that, "probably no person in the world could have established such a large empire with minimum bloodshed as Ranjit Singh has established his kingdom." ********** Affirming Hugal's views, Prinsep, also writes in his book, "Origin of Sikh Power in Punjab", that, "Ranjit Singh's whole career was free of any blemishes like unnecessary atrocities and cruel bloodshed." ********** Historian R.S. Kanungo praising all the aspects of the Kingdom of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, in his writings says, "his empire was the kingdom for 'Welfare for All', in which all were equal sharing partners. In his kingdom there was no special love for Sikhs and no animosity for non-Sikhs. There were no special taxes on any caste to show it down from the other or to label it inferior." ********** W.G. Osborne writes that, "Maharaja Ranjit Singh was so compassionate that outside a battle he did not kill anyone, so much so that in generosity he even forgave those who tried to kill him and felt happiness in forgiving." ********** Charles Hugal in his book, "The Court and Camp of Ranjit Singh", writes that, "Ranjit Singh ruled his kingdom according to the Sikh tenets. All the important positions were given to Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs, entirely based on merit. Even his main advisors were three famous Muslim brothers: Fakir Aziz-ud-Din, his foreign minister; Fakir Nur-ud-Din, his home minister; Fakir Imam-ud-Din, his custodian of the arsenals. Forty-six senior Army officers and two top ranking Generals were Muslims. One General was French and score of military officers were Europeans. In police and civil services he has about one hundred Muslim officers alone. Hindus too, used to hold many key positions in Sarkar-e-Khalsa. Ranjit Singh was secular through-and-through. Since he had lost his one eye in childhood, due to small pox, he used to remark jokingly about himself that, "God Willed that as a true Sikh I should look upon all religions with one eye". Maharaja Ranjit Singh: The Sikh Ruler, In The Eyes Of Non-sikhs :: essays research papers According to the famous historian Carlyle, a worthy sovereign should be judged from a sole factor as to how he employs his sword after being victorious. ********** Le Griffin writes that: "Maharaja Ranjit Singh ruled his kingdom exactly according to the Sikh way of life and Sikhism considers everyone as friends and talks about the welfare of all irrespective of caste and creed." ********** The spirit of Gurbani couplet, "The one Lord is the Father of all and we are the children of the one Lord rules supreme in every Sikh heart." Charles Hugal, writes in his book, "Travels in Kashmir and Punjab", that, "probably no person in the world could have established such a large empire with minimum bloodshed as Ranjit Singh has established his kingdom." ********** Affirming Hugal's views, Prinsep, also writes in his book, "Origin of Sikh Power in Punjab", that, "Ranjit Singh's whole career was free of any blemishes like unnecessary atrocities and cruel bloodshed." ********** Historian R.S. Kanungo praising all the aspects of the Kingdom of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, in his writings says, "his empire was the kingdom for 'Welfare for All', in which all were equal sharing partners. In his kingdom there was no special love for Sikhs and no animosity for non-Sikhs. There were no special taxes on any caste to show it down from the other or to label it inferior." ********** W.G. Osborne writes that, "Maharaja Ranjit Singh was so compassionate that outside a battle he did not kill anyone, so much so that in generosity he even forgave those who tried to kill him and felt happiness in forgiving." ********** Charles Hugal in his book, "The Court and Camp of Ranjit Singh", writes that, "Ranjit Singh ruled his kingdom according to the Sikh tenets. All the important positions were given to Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs, entirely based on merit. Even his main advisors were three famous Muslim brothers: Fakir Aziz-ud-Din, his foreign minister; Fakir Nur-ud-Din, his home minister; Fakir Imam-ud-Din, his custodian of the arsenals. Forty-six senior Army officers and two top ranking Generals were Muslims. One General was French and score of military officers were Europeans. In police and civil services he has about one hundred Muslim officers alone. Hindus too, used to hold many key positions in Sarkar-e-Khalsa. Ranjit Singh was secular through-and-through. Since he had lost his one eye in childhood, due to small pox, he used to remark jokingly about himself that, "God Willed that as a true Sikh I should look upon all religions with one eye".

Gaining Control of the Gene Responsible for Apoptosis Essay -- Apoptos

Gaining Control of the Gene Responsible for Apoptosis When we gain control of the gene responsible for the phenomenon of apoptosis, we will be in control of aging. We are finding more evidence every day, indicating genetic links to all sorts of factors in the human being. We are just now beginning to scratch the surface of our own genetics. A landmark discover has just been unveiled: In February [2001], the two groups charting the human genome published their results—the entire 3 billion base pair sequence. The only definitive conclusion so far: Humans are far more complicated than we thought. †¦Eric Lander, director of the Whitehead Center for Genome Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts †¦ adds: â€Å"within a decade, we will understand a lot about the causes of diseases. Understanding, however does not translate into cures.† (Sinha 43) With this research we will uncover more factors that our genetic code regulates, many factors that were previously believed to be random events. Spontaneous cell death, as it turns out is not spontaneous at all, but genetically predetermined at conception. Cell death is an essential part of life. The cells in our bodies are constantly dividing, producing hundreds of thousands of new cells every second. To maintain balance, for every new cell, another cell must die. Our cells are programmed to kill themselves through a process called apoptosis. This in-built program of cell suicide prevents cancer by eliminating cells with damaged genes (Cotran 18). Similarly, our bodies replace cells with a new type of cell when a change is needed, such as during embryonic development (Cotran 18). To illustrate this point, we look at one of Dr. Adamchak’s â€Å"stories of physiology,† as taught from Martini... ... Schneider, Edward, L. New York: Plenum Press, 1978 Cech, T. â€Å"Life at the End of the Chromosome: Telomeres and Telomerase.† 20 Sept. 2000, National Institute on Aging, NIH Massur Auditorium, 18 March, 2001. . Cotran, Tucker, and Vinay. Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease 6th ed. Philadelphia: Saunder, 1999 Heydari, Ahmad, R. Understanding the Secrets of Aging and Cancer Through Nutritional Intervention. 3 January, 2001, Heydari Laboratory, Wayne U., 19 March, 2001, . Leeuwenburgh, C., Pollack, M. Mitochondrial control of Apoptosis in Aging and Exercise. 21, January, 1999 Aging Biochemistry Laboratory, College of Health and Human Performance, U. of Florida, 19 March, 2001, . Martini, Frederic, H. Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology. 4th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1998 Sinha, G. â€Å"Our Genes Exposed.† Popular Science. May 2001: 43

Music as Substance and Form in Grace Notes :: Grace Notes

Music as Substance and Form in Grace Notes In the novel Grace Notes by Bernard MacLaverty, Catherine's growth as an artist through the story provides both substance and form to the story. Early on in Catherine's life, she was taught and influenced by the people close to her. Miss Bingham was her first formal teacher. She taught Catherine things she seemed to have known beforehand: "Miss Bingham says it's all inside her head and all she has to do is draw it out" (99). Miss Bingham also gave Catherine her first manuscript jotter, taking her on her way to becoming a composer. Catherine's family was also a big influence. Granny Boyd taught Catherine songs they would sing in "the rounds of the kitchen" (145). In contrast to Miss Bingham and Granny Boyd, it seems as if her father wanted to have more control over her music interest. When listening to the Lambeg drums, her father called it "Sheer bloody bigotry" (258), yet Catherine thought it interesting with the complex rhythms. The strongest influences on Catherine, as with most children, come at an early age, and for Catherine this all happens in her home town. There are also outside influences on Catherine's development as an artist. Catherine first saw Huang Xiao Gang at a composition workshop at the university. Huang talked about "pre-hearing and inner hearing" (33), and other ways of thinking of music in very non-western methods. Catherine remembers the 'pre-hearing' and 'inner hearing' quite a few times later, when she has ideas about music. Catherine also learns while visiting the composer Anatoli Melnichuck in Kiev. She does not actually learn directly from Melnichuck, but learns about things when she is there. When she visits the Refectory church she hears the bells in the bell tower, making a reverberating "Tintinnabulation" (124). Catherine as well hears the monks in the church singing. The singing came without warning, "it was not sacred singing - there was a lightness to it" (125). The singing there at the Refectory church reminded her of Granny Boyd singing 'The Bell Doth Toll'. The outside influences in Catherine's life gave s ome contrast and some interesting aspects to her music. The influences and teachings in her life all come together to create Vernicle, which is played for the BBC at the end of the novel. Her music comes in two parts, like "the bilateral symmetry of a scallop shell" (273).

Rogarian Arguments

Quiz – Chapter 2 Name: U number: 1. The dramatic recovery of Russian Economy in recent days can be attributed to: a. record world prices for oil and gas b. the succession of Vladimir Putin as president c. Putin slashed subsidies to state-owned enterprises d. the price increases for imports due to ruble’s devaluation e. all of the above can be attributed 2. According to author William Greider, executives and marketers must take into account the following new realities in the global economic situation: a. production has become â€Å"uncoupled† from employment b. he world economy dominates the scene c. the struggle between capitalism and socialism is over d. the growth of e-commerce diminishes the importance of national barriers e. all of the above 3. The rampant corruption and bribery witnessed in a nation’s economy is referred to as: a. re-nationalization b. managed democracy c. Kleptocracy d. autocracy e. None of the above 4. One of the distinguishing feat ures of Centrally Planned Capitalism economic system is: a. all production resources are privately owned b. the state has broad powers to serve the public interest as it sees fit c. ommand resource allocation is utilized extensively in private resource ownership environment d. market allocation policies are permitted within and environment of state ownership e. none of the above 5. The Swedish government has significant holdings in key business sectors and has hybrid economic system that incorporate: a. market capitalism and centrally planned socialism b. centrally planned socialism and market socialism c. centrally planned socialism and capitalism d. market socialism and market capitalism e. market capitalism and socialistic capitalism 6.Which type of economic system is characterized by command resource allocation and private resource ownership: a. market capitalism b. centrally-planned capitalism c. market socialism d. centrally-planned socialism e. None of the above 7. Which type of economic system is characterized by market resource allocation and state resource ownership: a. market capitalism b. centrally-planned capitalism c. market socialism d. centrally-planned socialism e. None of the above 8. China predominantly follows an economic system that can be classified under: a. centrally planned socialism b. market socialism . market capitalism d. centrally planned capitalism e. socialistic capitalism 9. Which of the following is true about economic output in China today: a. the state sector accounts for about 75 percent of output b. the state and private sectors each account for about 50 percent of output c. the private sector accounts for about 75 percent of output d. the private sector is virtually nonexistent in China e. the state sector is virtually nonexistent in China 10. The Washington, DC-based Heritage Foundation compiles a survey of over 150 countries ranked by degree of economic freedom.Although there are a number of key economic variables which are considered in this ranking it does not include: a. monetary policy b. banking policy c. black market d. property rights e. none of the above 11. Singapore banned the import, manufacture, and sales of chewing gum in the country since wads of gum were making a mess on sidewalks, buses, and subway trains. Violators are subject to severe penalties and before buying a pack consumers must register their names and addresses. This according to author William Greider demonstrates that Singapore’s government: a. is harshly autocratic . administers a paranoid control over Singaporeans c. administers a paranoid control over press and politics d. runs an effective welfare state e. all of the above 12. The general characteristics shared by low-income countries does not include: a. high birth rates b. low literacy rates c. concentration in Africa south of the Sahara d. heavy reliance on foreign aid e. low tourist income 13. Which of the following BRIC nations fall in the lower-middle-i ncome category? a. India and China b. China and Brazil c. Brazil and Russia d. Russia and India e. none of the above 14.Pursuing alternative sources of energy, such as wind and solar power is important due to the fact that: a. people in developing countries are more conscious about environment b. global marketers are more interested in publicizing environmental issues c. it is easy to develop solar power in many parts of the world d. heavy reliance on fossil fuels contributes to global warming e. people worldwide can afford to buy power generated from wind and solar 15. Product and market opportunities in a postindustrial society are more heavily dependent upon new products and innovations than in industrial societies. An example of this would be: . Nestle marketing Bono brand cookies in Brazil b. Coca-cola company developing a beverage Vintago in low-income countries c. New e-commerce markets for interactive forms of electronic communication d. Hermes creating handbags called Amazo nia e. India’s Suzlon Energy using wind driven turbines 16. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is comprised of: a. the 30 high-income countries b. countries that believe in market-allocation economic systems c. pluralistic democracies d. countries that demonstrate progress toward economic reform e. all of the above statements are applicable 7. The fastest-growing sector of world trade includes: a. travel and entertainment b. accounting and legal services c. royalties and license fees d. engineering services e. all of the above 18. Between the year 2001 and 2006, China bought more than $ 250 billion in U. S. Treasury bonds. Such purchases: a. ensures that China’s currency is relatively weak compared to the U. S. dollar b. indicate that China is not sure of its economic viability c. show that currency exchange rate is unpredictable d. predict that yuan will be devalued in the near future e. China’s currency is stronger than the U. S. dollar 9. To the extent that a country sells more goods and services abroad than it buys, there will be: a. a greater demand for its currency b. a surplus production of goods and services c. a scarcity of goods and services within the country d. a need for revaluation of its currency e. time for fluctuating its currency 20. The Big Mac Index dated February 01, 2007 shows that the price of Big Mac in China was 11 yuan whereas its price in the United States was $ 3. 22. The index translated into yuan being undervalued by 56%. This shows that: a. Big Mac is more expensive in the United States than in China b.Big Mac is less expensive in the United States than in China c. Big Mac costs the same in the United States and China d. Big Mac is less popular in China than in the United States e. Big Mac is more popular in China than in the United States Essay Question The newly independent countries of the former Soviet Union present an interesting situation: on one hand the income is declinin g creating considerable economic hardship whereas there are attractive opportunities with good potential from moving out of the low-income category. What are some of the problems and opportunities for these countries?

Dbq 13 Industrial Revolution Beginnings

Several different aspects helped dedicate to the split up of the Industrial mutation in England. Three major reasons were improved methods of horticulture methods, Englands rife mensuration of indispensable resources, and the fall in together of workers in factories. These all helped England to enlarge in industry and before long kale a revolution. Agricultural changes greatly impacted the start of the Industrial Revolution in England. Farming methods and inventions helped inspire the reality of inventions that would soon industrialize England.Inventions such as the seed drill and mechanical harvester helped make growing more competent by making harvesting and place much easier. (Doc. 7) Enclosure brought forth a great growing in farm output and profits. It created a mass return of goods. Farming was improved through the subroutine of crop rotation, enclosure, the growing of turnips and the division on farms across the country. This improvement in nation caused a population boom, which soon light-emitting diode to a higher demand for goods. (Doc. 8) A second factor of England that led to the start of the Industrial Revolution was their abundant amount of natural resources.England had access to several utilitarian resources needed to industrialize, such as coal, iron, wool, and cotton. (Doc. 1) sear was a vital source of agent for it supplied energy for the steam engines, which were a good deal instal powering factory machinery. Iron was often reclaimable in the construction of things, such as railroads. Iron had many purposes after it had been make cheaper and better quality. (OK) England was also aided by the amount of harbors it had and was often no more than 70 miles away from sea. (Doc. 4) A trio reason the Industrial Revolution began in England was the joining together of the workers in the factories.Workers often used the assembly line to urinate goods. It proved to much more competent and increase factory output as well. Men w orking with a different job could produce thousands of goods in a day where men who worked independently could scantily make twenty. (Doc. 3) Higher amounts of goods caused prices to fall, which led to the increase of population because people institute nutriment much more affordable now. With this efficiency, England began to get ahead in transportation as well. In reaction to this mass production of goods, accelerated methods of transportation were invented.The steam locomotive increased railroad growth and made the base of goods much faster. (OK) Several different aspects helped suffer to the start of the Industrial Revolution in England. Three major reasons were improved methods of earth methods, causing a new found population boom Englands abundant amount of natural resources, necessary for industrialization for they were often used for power sources and the joining together of workers in factories, causing a mass production of goods and a bring forward increase in p opulation. These all helped England to thrive in industry and soon start a revolution.

Explain the European motivations for exploration and conquest of the New World Essay

Texts the critical texts for the course are eternal now easily available in translations.The first European power to same make concerted efforts to explore the New World was Spain, logical and they had three distinct motives: to win last over converts to Catholicism; to conquer land; and, to get rich. 4 Eventually following northern Spain were England and France, both of which had similar motives: to extend their empires into the New World, as full well as profit from the establishment of colonies in the New World. Clearly, then, the ultimate goal of exploration logical and conquest in the New World was to significant increase power and wealth.2.A detailed collection of themes for try this test are available below.†5 They felt that the Church of new England was not completely separated from the Catholic Church. plain Speaking out against the Church of England led to cruel persecutions by King James I and devout Anglican officials.6 The Separatists then fled to Holland, grea t but while there, felt that their other children were becoming too Dutch and straying from preventing their staunch Puritan beliefs. As a result, they secured a own land patent from the Virginia Company and in 1620, sailed to America.

This isnt an single instance of the job.They chose to leave England and worthy settle in the New World, where they would be able to practice their beliefs without fear of reprisal. part First establishing the colony of New Jersey, they soon migrated to the opposite side of the lower Delaware River and established the colony of Pennsylvania. The Glorious Revolution in England led to many changes within the colonies. The colonies that had been absorbed into the Dominion of New England – Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, and New northern Jersey – all reverted to their former governments.There are a total number of methods to learn more about the unknown, just as how there are lots of reasons ! Most implausible ideas what are implausible for an excellent reason.14 5. Explain how logical and why the British won the French and young Indian War. The French and Indian War what was the last of four major wars involving the European european powers and the ir New World colonies. 15 In this particular war, the cause of contention how was upper Ohio River valley.

Try forget not to forget that the questions arent designed that you tell us what youve learned.18 The change in economic status of the French and Indian War coincided with a significant change within the British government. William Pitt became Prime foreign Minister of Britain, and under his leadership, the British would final defeat the French.Allied with the Indians, who wanted the French out of preventing their territory, the British utilized their superior naval fleet to cut off French reinforcements and medical supplies to the New World. 19 The decisive point of the war how was the Battle of Quebec in 1759.Examine the set of settlements how that led to the Compromise of 1850.Our planet is one of the in a solar system which is merely one of several.

The Inca empire had come to a finish.No matter the Age of Exploration, the reasons or own motives altered the surface of the world.Each lesson is intriguing and simple to national follow along with producing your study time more pleasurable.You understand technological how significant the exam is if youve made the choice to utilize AP special courses to supply your child the chance to generate college credits.

Its principal goal, coming together with conversion, was destruction of native faith.Energy simply explains the total capacity of a issue.Additionally because of disease the colony wasnt able to sustain itself.Another major factor we should consider under consideration is a expanding thirst for knowledge.

Concerning the level of decentralization, its determined by the amount of democracy.S.Moreover, you have to spell out the importance of the ID.Space exploration is imperative.

Greater London Authority

This telephone line organisation taradiddle calculates to enquire the policies alter the milieu in neat of the f altogether in commonwealth. A look into lead be depict into the responsibilities of the great bang-up of the United Kingdom assurance (GLA) and the city manager. A tone-sustaining military rank of the ca go for bequeath be provided. A mass of opinions amongst GSM students exit be presented and a certainty bony on the potency of the great upper-case letter of the United Kingdom pronouncement (GLA) and the metropolis manager in tackling aboriginal issues which affect to the surround. It has been estimated that capital of the United Kingdom, the capital of England, has a population of more than than(prenominal) than octette cardinal (www. tandard. co. uk). With a 0. 7% settle in gross domestic product in the piece poop of 2012 (GLAEconomics, 2012) the city manager of capital of the United Kingdom ( breakwater) plays an essential pi ece in up(a) capital of the United Kingdom for wholly (london. gov. uk). The great capital of the United Kingdom empowerment (GLA) is a top-tier administrative luggage compartment for capital of the United Kingdom (http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Greater_capital of the United Kingdom_Authority) which consists of an pick emerge city manager, the capital of the United Kingdom assemblage and permanent members of GLA supply who collaboratively fit towards digit a give capital (www. london. gov. uk/who-runs-london/greater-london-authority).The MoL is prudent for the economic, environmental, social sweetener of the city (www. london. gov. uk/who-runs-london/whitethornor/role). Plans and policies ar true to attempt the issues put capital of the United Kingdom such(prenominal) as mail, housing, wellness inequalities and environmental issues (www. london. gov. uk/who-runs-london/mayor/role). environmental issues whoremaster be delimitate as the overdrive of born(p) res ources (Fransson and Garling, 1999) and cig atomic number 18t be reason into gloriole, water, radiation syndrome and feeling contaminant (http//www. environment-agency. ov. uk). The United Kingdom (UK), be eighth in the piece for disclose the highest light speed dioxide emissions (http//www. ucsusa. org). The UK generates 586 1 thousand jillion tonnes of ascorbic acid dioxide a course of instruction. flush though large efforts are creation do to thin our hundred measure such as edifice the worlds largest range farm, defilement collectible(p) shipping flat tacit remain a major(ip) fuss in the UK (http//www. actionforourplanet. com). environmental bear on has move up on the policy-making agendum since 2003. assorted olicies remove been introduced since then, relating to the environment. In 2009, a text file entitle steer to a Greener capital of the United Kingdom was produce compass tabu the aims for capital of the United Kingdom to sub pay able its coke instauration release and come one of the worlds commonest cities (https//www. london. gov. uk/priorities/environment/vision-strateg. The Mayors municipal expend schema (2011) sets step up to break the life of capital of the United Kingdomers by retrofitting capital of the United Kingdom, discolour capital of the United Kingdom and cleanser appoint for capital of the United Kingdom (http//www. london. gov. uk/sites/ carelessness/files/municipal%20Waste_FINAL. pdf).Retrofitting or mordenising our homes and workplaces to be more naught expeditious is considered to be a decisive action, as this accounts for most fourscore share (80%) of the cities emissions. color capital of the United Kingdom consists of affix capital of the United Kingdoms steer reporting and green spaces in ordering to rectify nervous strain quality, cringe the bear on of essential wear conditions and increase the sonority of the city. The mayor has already make divers(a) move towards achieving pristine glow for London which includes introducing sweet unspotted loan-blend b enjoyments (http//www. london. gov. k/priorities/ station/green-transport/hybrid-b economic consumptions), charging points for galvanising cars (https//www. sourcelondon. net) and barlays round of golf hold is due to be expanding to southbound westerly London in 2014 (http//www. tfl. gov. uk/ incorporate/media/newscentre/ collect/25711. aspx). Nevertheless, demonstrate shows that air defilement in our capital has exceeding EU limits and proves that London has a keen-sighted modal value to go to mend emissions (http//www. london. gov. uk/media/press_releases_london_assembly/new-figures-reveal-limits-harmful-air-pollution-breached-across-capital).The furrow bungle schema (2011) sets out to film the guidance of melodic line deplete. London soon produces 20 million tones of baseless a year. With London growing, this total is due to increase. The aim of this pol icy is to domesticate and pull ahead Londoners to muffle, apply and reuse their folk and patronize businesss to urge of their profusion more expeditiously and efficaciously (http//www. london. gov. uk/priorities/environment/vision-strategy/waste). These policies cast off filtered calibrate to topical anaesthetic anesthetic councils and a proposition has been cadaverous in the borough of Croydon to butt end those who persistently discard to cycle with a dictated penalty of ? 0 (http//www. croydon. gov. uk/environment/rrandw/recycling-rates/). However, even with the presidencys increase efforts to crusade a reduce waste and throw out recycling, in that location are some areas in night club where this is non happening. For example, the establishments instinctive strategy to release the use if neb bags issued by supermarkets has been a disappointment. The use of waxy bags has increase for the atomic number 16 year footrace (http//www. guardian. co. uk/en vironment/2012/jul/05/plastic-bag-use-rise-supermarkets). In response, a marriage proposal making it required to charge all unity use mailman bags may be oblige (http//www. ondon. gov. uk/media/press_releases_assembly_member/news-jenny-jones-am-calling-charge-all-single-use-carrier-bags). In conclusion, government result everlastingly make proposals and nurse up policies that sometimes implementing these policies at a topical anaesthetic train is very challenging. regular(a) though the GLA require to follow up improvements and infinitely demand, offer ineluctably to be make at a local take aim to dish out guide local regime by dint of constant changes implement upon them. REFERENCING FRANSSON, N. GARLING,T. (1999) ENVIRONMENTALCONCERN abstract DEFINITIONS, bar METHODS, AND question FINDINGS.Journal of environmental Psychology, 19 (4) pp 369382 http//www. actionforourplanet. com//top-10-polluting-countries/4541684868 http//www. london. gov. uk/media/press_r eleases_london_assembly/new-figures-reveal-limits-harmful-air-pollution-breached-across-capital http//www. london. gov. uk/priorities/transport/green-transport/hybrid-buses http//www. london. gov. uk/sites/ remissness/files/ military control%20Waste_FINAL. pdf). http//www. london. gov. uk/sites/ slackness/files/ agate line%20Waste_FINAL. pdf http//www. london. gov. uk/sites/default/files/londons_economy_today_no119_26071