The Reality of Cloning Essay -- Critical Thinking Essays

Jerry L. Hall, then a researcher at the George Washington University Medical Center, presented the results of his in-vitro stuffing experiment at the 1993 meeting of the American Fertility Society in Montreal. Dr. Hall gave an interesting speech and the comments on his speech consisted of nice job and former(a) positive remarks. On his return to George Washington University, Dr. Hall expected the same feedback, and he was shocked when the October 26, 1993 cover of the New York Times announced, Scientist clones human embryos, and creates an ethical challenge. Ethicists ideate images of baby farming and of clones cannibalized for spare parts. Protesters chanted on the streets to immediately ban human-embryo cloning. The cover of Newsweek had images of babies in beakers, and the debate concerning test tube babies resurfaced. LOsservatore Romano from Vatican city stated these procedures could confidential information humanity down a tunnel of madness. And many other groups and indi viduals expressed their horror of cloning humans. Professor Hans Bernhard Wuermeling, a medical ethicist at the University o... ...y the damage for Michael Jordan if this was a possibility? Be at rest, no Hitler race will take over the world in the near future. But Jerry Hall whitethorn help many couples have families because the goal of his experiment was to help people. Works Cited Elmer-Dewitt, Philip. Where Do We Draw the Line? Time. November 8, 1997 64-70. Herbert, Wray. The World After Cloning. U.S. News and World Report. blemish 10, 1997 59-64. Scientist clones human embryos, and creates an ethical challenge. New York Times. October 26, 1993 A1.

Comparative Character Analysis of Classical Vs. Modern Tragic Protagoni

Comparative Character Analysis of Classical Vs. Modern Tragic Protagonists.A hero/ heroine is described as the principal male/ female character in a literary or dramatic work or the cardinal figure in an event, period, or movement. The classic tragic hero was defined by Aristotle in the fourth century as, someone who is highly renowned and aureate (LATWP, 639), suggesting that there is a natural right ordering and proportion of traits within the human being that if violated, produces calamity (LATWP, 639). The book goes on to define classical cataclysm as one that involves the inevitable destruction of a noble person by means of character flaw, usually a disproportionate measure of a specific human attribute such as pride, jealousy or indecision (LATWP, 639).On the other hand, another type of tragic hero exists, the groundbreaking tragic hero. This type of hero is a product of a clash between the individual and the social environment. Arthur Miller, the famous playwright said, e ach person has a chosen image of self and position, tragedy results when the characters environment denies the fulfillment of this self concept. (LATWP, 640). This is a contrast from Aristotles classic tragic hero because the hero is no longer born into nobility but gains stature in the action of pitting self against cosmos, and the tragedy becomes, the disaster inherent in being tear away from our chosen image of what and who we are in this world. (LATWP, 640).In the tragic play named after it...

Evelina And The Subordination Of Women Essay -- essays research papers

Woman as a SubordinateThroughout history, wo custody have been treated as a subordinate. There have been diametric standards for education, at wo custodys disadvantage, disparate social standards, different responsibilities for men and women, different expectations, different standards for goodness, different criteria for virtuousness. We see examples of these injustices throughout the text of Evelina as healthful as in the excerpts in the course packet. Eighteenth-century English jurist Sir William Blackstone declared in a magisterial passage, By marriage, the very being or lawful existence of a womanhood is suspended, or at least it is incorporated or consolidated into that of the husband, under whose wing, protection, and cover she per phases everything, and she is therefore called in our law a femme-covert (The Nineteenth Century Intro. Pg. 171). It was not until 1848, in the married womans property act of New York that women gained some rights regarding material possession s. Education (differences in what men and women are taught) A self-aggrandizing education as described in Defoes Essay on Projects, 1697, consisted mainly of embroidery, modeling in wax, painting on glass, and musical accomplishments, although some girls schools did commit on plays and teach cooking skills. Most girls were trained for domestic service at the charity schools for women, and there was no form of formal higher education, such as college, available for women. Oxford, Harvard, Cambridge, Yale and Princeton were all solely mens institutions. Also, while women were taught mainly the native tongue and perhaps French, men had more extensive opportunities to canvass opposite such Roman and Greek languages. (An essay in Defense of the Female Sex, 1696) Also, if a woman did obtain any extensive knowledge other than the normal trades taught at school, she was urged to keep quiet about it lest men be jealous of her intelligence. This is evident in Evelina on foliate 361 whe re Mrs. Selwyn is criticized for being an intelligent and discursive woman in a time where women were supposed to be quieter and not engage in a match of marbles with someone, especially a man, as we see Mrs. Selwyn challenging the intelligence of Mr. Lovel.These are all reasons why women authors during this time chose a pseudonym when publishing their books for fear that they would be ridiculed and their work not judge for the mere fact... ... not know how to handle this situation. p. 384 Where Evelina is pleading with her father to see her and she here is the picture of what a good affected woman should be- humble and gracious. part as applies to association with people of questionable character Although they are her family, Evelina is completely embarrassed to be seen with the Branghtons and Madame Duval because they are such loud, rude, rough characters. They are not of the uniform social standing as her and they know even less than Evelina how to behave in social situat ions with grace and dignity. They are propertyless people and this is because they are of the on the job(p) class. Evelina is always in the company of people who come from old money and do not work for a salary. Pg. 233 where Evelina is marooned from her party at the fireworks showcase and asks two ladies to protect her and they turn out to be prostitutes and Lord Orville sees her with these women and Evelina is completely embarrassed at her predicament because it makes her look bad. Evelinas good reputation was at stake when she was in public with the Branghtons, with Madame Duval, in the alley with Clement, and on the arms of those two prostitutes. Evelina And The Subordination Of Women Essay -- essays research cover Woman as a SubordinateThroughout history, women have been treated as a subordinate. There have been different standards for education, at womens disadvantage, different social standards, different responsibilities for men and women, different expe ctations, different standards for goodness, different criteria for virtuousness. We see examples of these injustices throughout the text of Evelina as well as in the excerpts in the course packet. Eighteenth-century English jurist Sir William Blackstone declared in a magisterial passage, By marriage, the very being or legal existence of a woman is suspended, or at least it is incorporated or consolidated into that of the husband, under whose wing, protection, and cover she performs everything, and she is therefore called in our law a femme-covert (The Nineteenth Century Intro. Pg. 171). It was not until 1848, in the married womans property act of New York that women gained some rights regarding material possessions. Education (differences in what men and women are taught) A liberal education as described in Defoes Essay on Projects, 1697, consisted mainly of embroidery, modeling in wax, painting on glass, and musical accomplishments, although some girls schools did put on plays and teach cooking skills. Most girls were trained for domestic service at the charity schools for women, and there was no form of formal higher education, such as college, available for women. Oxford, Harvard, Cambridge, Yale and Princeton were all solely mens institutions. Also, while women were taught mainly the native tongue and perhaps French, men had more extensive opportunities to learn other such Roman and Greek languages. (An essay in Defense of the Female Sex, 1696) Also, if a woman did obtain any extensive knowledge other than the normal trades taught at school, she was urged to keep quiet about it lest men be jealous of her intelligence. This is evident in Evelina on page 361 where Mrs. Selwyn is criticized for being an intelligent and logical woman in a time where women were supposed to be quieter and not engage in a match of wits with someone, especially a man, as we see Mrs. Selwyn challenging the intelligence of Mr. Lovel.These are all reasons why women authors during thi s time chose a pseudonym when publishing their books for fear that they would be ridiculed and their work not accepted for the mere fact... ... not know how to handle this situation. p. 384 Where Evelina is pleading with her father to see her and she here is the picture of what a good mannered woman should be- humble and gracious. Image as applies to association with people of questionable character Although they are her family, Evelina is completely embarrassed to be seen with the Branghtons and Madame Duval because they are such loud, rude, unrefined characters. They are not of the same social standing as her and they know even less than Evelina how to behave in social situations with grace and dignity. They are lower-class people and this is because they are of the working class. Evelina is always in the company of people who come from old money and do not work for a salary. Pg. 233 where Evelina is separated from her party at the fireworks event and asks two ladies to protect h er and they turn out to be prostitutes and Lord Orville sees her with these women and Evelina is completely embarrassed at her predicament because it makes her look bad. Evelinas good reputation was at stake when she was in public with the Branghtons, with Madame Duval, in the alley with Clement, and on the arms of those two prostitutes.

My Cinematic Version of Macbeth :: Macbeth essays

My Cinematic Version of MacbethIn filming my own rendition of Macbeth, I would charter a traditional route to capturing the essence of Shakespeares classic. In keeping with Shakespeares idea, I would film the piece in the capacious lands of Scotland. Using genius of the famous castles of the land, I would make the date period somewhere around the 11th century. This means that things will be a piddling primitive, but historically correct. A re-occurring theme in Macbeth is death so the time of year would be fall, because the leaves are falling, and the plants are dying. The season is considered a time symbolic of dying.The costumes in the movie would anything but glamorous. Of this time period, approximately people would be drudgeing heavy woollenen tunics with fur trimming. To keep warm in cold weather, they could wear animal skins around their legs with leather strapping. The royalty will of the movie will only wear the finest of these materials and the best odourin g pieces of clothing. Women would wear a heavy wool garment to keep with the chronological fashions.Now, although I would be filming the movie in a 11th century setting, that doesnt give away me from using the in vogue(p) technology and ideas. Makeup is an important part in the film industry today so of course I would use it to in my picture. The witches would require the most makeup. They would all have long, crooked noses, with facial hair and moles all over their face. Each would have long black or remote stringy hair. I would not have the witches standing tall. Two if not all three would have a humpback and be about quint feet in stature. younker Siward will be a young boyish figure. Macbeths rage and overaggressive ambition are brought out by the slaying of juvenility Siward therefore, Young Siward would look like a young innocent boy of the age of 12. Another modern idea would be the special stamps involved. picky effects would be used in the scenes of bad w eather. Lighting and thunder will be used for the witches scenes as well as Duncans Murder. The major special effect as well as the most dramatic will be the appearance of the ghost of Banquo. A holographic image of a white luculent figure resembling Banquo will have stab wounds and blood oozing from his disheveled body.My Cinematic Version of Macbeth Macbeth essaysMy Cinematic Version of MacbethIn filming my own version of Macbeth, I would choose a traditional route to capturing the essence of Shakespeares classic. In keeping with Shakespeares idea, I would film the piece in the great lands of Scotland. Using one of the famous castles of the land, I would make the time period somewhere around the 11th century. This means that things will be a little primitive, but historically correct. A re-occurring theme in Macbeth is death so the time of year would be fall, because the leaves are falling, and the plants are dying. The season is considered a time symbolic of dying.Th e costumes in the movie would anything but glamorous. Of this time period, most people would be wearing heavy woolen tunics with fur trimming. To keep warm in cold weather, they could wear animal skins around their legs with leather strapping. The royalty will of the movie will only wear the finest of these materials and the best looking pieces of clothing. Women would wear a heavy wool garment to keep with the chronological fashions.Now, although I would be filming the movie in a 11th century setting, that doesnt stop me from using the latest technology and ideas. Makeup is an important part in the film industry today so of course I would use it to in my picture. The witches would require the most makeup. They would all have long, crooked noses, with facial hair and moles all over their face. Each would have long black or gray stringy hair. I would not have the witches standing tall. Two if not all three would have a humpback and be about five feet in stature. Young Siwa rd will be a young boyish figure. Macbeths rage and overaggressive ambition are brought out by the slaying of Young Siward therefore, Young Siward would look like a young innocent boy of the age of 12. Another modern idea would be the special effects involved. Special effects would be used in the scenes of bad weather. Lighting and thunder will be used for the witches scenes as well as Duncans Murder. The major special effect as well as the most dramatic will be the appearance of the ghost of Banquo. A holographic image of a white transparent figure resembling Banquo will have stab wounds and blood oozing from his disheveled body.

Up The Coulee :: essays research papers fc

Reconciliation In Up the Coulee, Hamlin Garland depicts what occurs when Howard McLane is away for an extended period of metre and begins to neglect his family. Howards family members are offended by the negligence. Although his neglect causes his brother, Grant McLane, to resent him, Garland shows that part of having a family is being able to put off negative feelings in order to resolve problems with relatives. Garland demonstrates how years apart can affect family relationships, create neglect, resentment, and eventually, reconciliation.After a decade of not visual perception his mother and brother, Howard returns to his hometown in Mississippi. It is evident how thrilled he is. As the train approaches town, he begins to feel curious little movements of the heart, like a lover as he nears his sweetheart (par. 3). He expects this visit to be a marvelous and welcoming homecoming. His career and travel have kept his schedule extremely replete, causing him to previously postpone this trip to visit his family. Although he does not immediately recognize his behavior in the past ten years as neglectful, in that respect are many factors that make him aware of it. For instance, Mrs. McLane, Howards mother, has aged tremendously since he last saw her. She has grown unable to write (par. 72). Her declining health destine is an indicator of Howards inattentiveness to his family he has not been present to see her become ill. His neglect strikes him harder when he sees a gray haired woman that showed sorrow, resignation, and a grade of dumb despair in her attitude (par. 91). Clearly, she is growing old, and Howard feels guilty for not attending her needs for such a long time period his throat aches with remorse and pity (par. 439). He has been as well occupied with his excited and pleasurable life that he has neglected her (par. 92). Another indication of Howards neglect is the fact that his family no longer owns the farm and house where he grew up. They now resi de in a poorly conditioned home It was humble enough--a small dust coat house, story-and-a-half structure, with a wing, set in the midst of a few locust trees a small drab-colored barn, with a sagging ridge pole a barnyard full of mud, in which a few cows were standing, fighting the flies and waiting to be milked. (par. 74)Grant explains to Howard, who has obviously forgotten, that the mortgage on the old farm was too expensive for them to afford.

Up The Coulee :: essays research papers fc

Reconciliation In Up the Coulee, Hamlin decorate depicts what occurs when Howard McLane is away for an extended period of time and begins to neglect his family. Howards family members are offended by the negligence. Although his neglect causes his brother, Grant McLane, to resent him, Garland shows that part of having a family is being able to put aside negative feelings in order to resolve problems with relatives. Garland demonstrates how years apart can affect family relationships, causing neglect, resentment, and eventually, reconciliation.After a decade of not seeing his mother and brother, Howard returns to his hometown in Mississippi. It is evident how thrilled he is. As the train approaches town, he begins to feel curious little movements of the heart, like a lover as he nears his sweetheart (par. 3). He expects this visit to be a marvelous and welcoming homecoming. His career and travel have kept his schedule extremely full, causing him to previously postpone this trip to v isit his family. Although he does not immediately recognize his behavior in the past ten years as neglectful, there are many factors that make him aware of it. For instance, Mrs. McLane, Howards mother, has aged tremendously since he last saw her. She has grown unable to write (par. 72). Her declining health condition is an indicator of Howards inattentiveness to his family he has not been present to see her become ill. His neglect strikes him harder when he sees a gray haired woman that showed sorrow, resignation, and a sort of dumb despair in her attitude (par. 91). Clearly, she is developing old, and Howard feels guilty for not attending her needs for such a long time period his throat aches with remorse and pity (par. 439). He has been too tenanted with his excited and pleasurable life that he has neglected her (par. 92). Another indication of Howards neglect is the fact that his family no longer owns the farm and house where he grew up. They now reside in a poorly conditioned home It was humble enough--a small white house, story-and-a-half structure, with a wing, set in the midst of a few locust trees a small drab-colored barn, with a sagging ridge pole a barnyard full of mud, in which a few cows were standing, armed combat the flies and waiting to be milked. (par. 74)Grant explains to Howard, who has obviously forgotten, that the mortgage on the old farm was too expensive for them to afford.

Country Analysis- India Essay

India functions on a democratic dust, which heavily influences the political website of the res publica. However, this democracy stems from a caste system. A caste system is a social grouping that combines a group of pickicular members based on specific professions and usually leads to the isolation of separately individual caste.The Indian flock adopted the caste system to create an easy diverseiation of communities and neighborhoods. Recently in India on that point has been a relaxing of the caste system depending on the part of India in which you atomic number 18 looking. In the cities you will see more of an intermingling and mix of the higher caste systems but as you explore the rural areas, you find a traditional form of the caste system.In recent years India has become the largest democracy in the world. The economy is highly affected by the political situation in India. The republic suffers from high unemployment and poverty as both of its main issues that currentl y influence the economic standing of the country.With two opposing parties with vastly different views for the vision of the economy the country is found being pulled for a free grocery store economy and an economy that strongly opposes globalization and favors a land-for-all attitude. (Politics of India) In India the legal situation highly resembles a joint law model that is found in England today but is clout with Indian culture. In the courts India has a judge that acts as a neutral party that enforces the law fairly amongst each party.The government too has three branches the executive, the judiciary and the legislative. The courts hold a common theme of carrying out justice to the people. (Srikrishna) One article says, According to Gallups annual public opinion polls, India is perceived by the Statesns as their 7th ducky nation in the world (India-United State Relations) Based off this observation, the relationship between the United States of American and India seems to be quite close and cordial.However, this does non mean the countries meet always agreed on every matter. Back in the late 1990s when Atal Bihari Vajpayee became the Prime minister of religion he began to authorize test of nuclear weapons and the United Sates chose to form against them and eventually was mandated to cut off economic ties.In 2001 the United States under the Clinton administration began to have economic discussion, opening the brink for the Bush administration to partake in close monitoring of Indias nuclear weapons and began establishing the economic ties. The two countries have really come unneurotic in times of need such asthe attacks on September 11,2001 and the December 2004 tsunamis.The most recent development in the relationship is under the pressing of the Obama administration. Right out of the gate of the first term of his presidency, President Obama addressed the issue of the Indian-American relationship and said that he was going to take the steps infa llible further strengthen the excellent two-sided relationship (India-United State Relations) This goal was communicated vastly amongst the administration, assuring the citizens of both countries that it was a beneficial relationship.The main person taking care of this relationship is Hilary Clinton. As time passed the country of India became concerned that the relationship was non being as cared for like they were assured would be done. alternatively they deliberated the United States was more focused on their relationship with China and eventually the country of Pakistan.The issues of the bilateral relationship continued to struggle for some time, even after a visit to the White House from Prime Minister Singhin November 2010, which was to hopefully fix or strengthen the relationship. In May 2010 President Obama communicated that shared values, interests and the two larges democracies established the partnership between the United States and India.(India-United State Relation s) The economic relation between the United States and India has been continuing to be strengthened since the Clinton administration where the bilateral economic dialogue was established. This is a system where the accountability for consultations amongst multiple high powers.(See exhibit A) (Embassy of India) Since this original discussion there have been multiple dialogue mechanisms to strengthen the bilateral relationship on the economy and trade issues. This includes different forums and financial partnerships. In the first seven or so months of the year 2013 the United States of America increased the percent they did trade with India 7.4%. (Embassy of India)The relationship of the United States and India is perfectly summed up by the words of the guinea pig Security adviser Shivshankar Menon, From a time when we dealt with each other formally, sometimes warily, we today have a full spectrum relationship, between our governments, our peoples and our institutions.(Menon) In the year 2011 the Gross National Product increased over 8 billion INR, an increase of 11,846.1 INR since 2010. It has a forecast of following a trend and reaching almost 9 billion INR for the next year. This is also a besotted view of how the inflation levels haveeffected the GNP of India and will continue do so in the future.(See exhibit B) (No current data was found) (India Gross National Product) The most current GNP per capita was calculated using the PPP to the US dollar using the atlas method divided by a midyear population. In 2011 in India, the GNP resulted to be $1,420.00 at a ranking of 142/191. In consideration of the past is a very steady increase, however, in par the U.S it is hardly an increase at all.(India-GNI per capita) As of 2006 India spends 3.11% of their gross national product on their education system. Looking to increase this percentage over the years and have lowered the illiteracy rate by 2015. (Infochange India)Today when discussing the opportunity for a com pany, of any kind, but especially a U.S company, to represent in India the support to do so is quite present. One major benefit of manufacturing in India is that the government has been putting into place a plan of action to create a lusty steady flow of economic progress and one of the crucial shots is through manufacturing.It began in 2010 with the implementation of a Manufacturing Policy, that industry and the government fully supports. The plan began with the prophylactic industry in India and where they were choosing to invest, it has continued into medical supplies, a chocolate factory and a huge factory by the direct marketing company, Amway.The Prime Minister has stated that the commitment of expanding the manufacturing in India is of highest priority for the economic growth of the country. (Manufacturing Sector in India) Another great aspect of pursuing manufacturing in India versus a country like China is the possibility of lower wages in India, China continues to raise the minimum wage.There is also the language barrier that disappears when you choose to manufacture in India versus another foreign country with a different native tongue. There is also a younger work force in India than in China and with a similar government as that of the United States it is easier to do business.(Shilling) With all the rage to rush off and pursue manufacturing in India there are those who have doubts, like the unknown author of the article in The Economist, the author says, If India is to become the next Chinaa manufacturing powerhouseit is taking its time just about it. (Manufacturing in India)When it comes to a company from the United States and whether or not to compete in India, there is good support that says to go for it. Now a long time we have so many jobs outsourced to India it seems foolish to not take it a step further.Particularly in the software industry, there is a large figure that is held there annually and the United States is greatly underrep resented and most likely missing out on big opportunities, because the reality is that the show will go on with out the U.S present. India has been focusing on the service industry over the last years but are now moving towards an industrial form of business. also present is a strong entrepreneurial spirit, which can be wonderful for a new company coming in because the people will be willing to get in on the ground floor of an international operation, as well as bring new suppositions and twists to the table.(Americans Should Jump on the India thrive) Another aspect in general to approach entering any country competitively is the reciprocation rate and currency. Look into how the country performs monetarily and see how the exchange rate and inflation will affect your business on the day-to-day operations but also over time. (Aimes)When going back and looking at the idea of manufacturing and competing in India based off the Economic Freedom Index, the index can mean multiple thing s for both. In general India is a 55.2 out of coke in Economic Freedom.This is 119th out of 177, (not including Lybia) while the United States is pass waters a 76.0 sitting at the top as number 10 of 177. When assessing the index with the idea of a company from the Unite States manufacturing in India I look the factors that influence the index such as the labor freedom, this looks into the aspect of the legality of the labor market of the country, or in our case, India.This means that as a company we have to be cautious not to abuse or habituate the immoral practice of extremely low wages or poor work conditions. As far as competing the issue that stands out to me pertaining to the EFI is the corrupt factor, with a low score like India, as a company one would need to watch closely at the practices taking place overseas.(Index of Economic Freedom) The kind-hearted Development Index in India is found in the medium HDI. Since 2011 Indias HDI decreased by 2 but is forecasted to incr ease .07 over the next year.The HDI refers to how the countrys population is take care of, such as life expectancy, education,etc. This covers the wellbeing of the citizens of the country I think this affects the manufacture and competitive aspect equally. If the people are not taken care of who is going to manage and operate the company, as an organization it would just be something that must be unplowed in mind.(Human Development Index) Pertaining to the Global Competitiveness Report it is hard to know how they would affect us because as a country India is not present in the top 30 for the last four years. So the assumption is made the India is not as competitive as portrayed by some people, but that does not mean there is no room for growth.(Global Competitiveness Report) India holds a score of 36 on the degeneration perceptions index this means that again when looking into entering the country either with manufacturing or competitive ambition one must asses the risk that is goi ng be taken, such as how will the government treat your corporation as well as how will the patrons of the country view your corporation.(Corruptions Perception Index) give way but definitely not least another report that is very useful in assessing the want to on pursuing a manufacture or competitive is the World Press Freedom Index. India is in the difficult situation range in this index meaning, that freedom of speech is kind of difficult to real have because the government watches closely to what is being spoken and said about their country and the people in it.(Reporters without Borders) Based off the indexes and other information presented supra do not believe as a company of the United States need to enter the market in India. I believe this is so because of the scruple of the market, as stated above India has great potential to grow and be the next China but it has been heading in that direction since the 1950s and not much change is evident.There are aspects about the co untry that would be desirable to enter into and if doing so I recommend the company use the dodge of global standardization.This strategy uses the low cost of the country to its advantage and in the United States outsourcing is chosen for that very reason, so instead of just outsourcing I believe it would be wise to use this method to pursue a start up of an international branch in a country like India where there is low labor cost and where it is not necessary for the people to respond due to the fact that there is a low economic freedom and instead it relies more on the main office back in the United States rather than the host country, or in our case, India. (Aimes)ExhibitsExhibit AExhibit BWorks CitedAimes, Frederico. Foreign Exchange. Online Lecture, Stillwater. 07 Oct. 2013. Lecture .Aimes, Frederico. International Business Strategy. Lecture. International Management Lecture. D2L, Stillwater. 09 Oct. 2013. Web. 09 Oct. 2013.Americans Should Jump on the India Wave. Web log pos t. Boston.com. N.p., 21 Feb. 2012. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.Corruption Perceptions Index. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Aug. 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.Embassy of India Washington DC (official Website) United States of America Economic Relations. Embassy of India Washington DC (official Website) United States of America Economic Relations. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.Global Competitiveness Report. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 21 Sept. 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.Index of Economic Freedom. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 June 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.India GNI per Capita. India. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.India GDP per Capita. TRADING ECONOMICS. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.India Gross National Product. TRADING ECONOMICS. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.IndiaUnited States Relations. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 May 2013. Web. 10 Oct. 2013.Infochange India. India Invests Just 3.3% of Its GNP on Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.List of Countries by Human Development I ndex. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Sept. 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.Manufacturing in India The Masala Mittelstand. Editorial. The Economist 11 Aug. 2012 n. pag. The Economist. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. Manufacturing Sector in India. , Manufacturing Industry, Indian Industries. India Brand Equity Foundation, Sept. 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.Menon, Shivshankar. India, US Ties Have Come a Long Way Shivshankar Menon. The Economic Times. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.Politics of India. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 June 2013. Web. 10 Oct. 2013.Reporters Without Borders. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Oct. 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.Shilling, A. Gary. Why India Will Displace China as Global Growth Engine. Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, 16 Dec. 2012. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.Srikrishna, B. N. (2008) The Indian Legal System, International Journal of Legal Information Vol. 36 Iss.2, Article 8. Available at http//scholarship.law.cornell.edu/ijli/vol36/iss2/8

Educational Quotes Applied to Music Education Essay

Have you ever had a moment where you found yourself struggling to fancy a difficult concept on your own when all of the sudden, click, and it all made sense? You could consider this to be like a kindling medulla oblongata turning on inside your head, and now the judgment is all clear. Now imagine a kind person giving you a source of light to make everything clear, rather than you trying to formulate a light bulb all by yourself. This is exactly how educators work and is what this wonderful quote is trying to address. By consuming their own knowledge and experience, they ignite a light that shines for their students to use to guide them to their future success.Before explaining its relevance to the euphony educational world, I give first clarify the symbolic use of the candle. As educators, we grow in our knowledge and mastery of the art in which we choose to pursue. By attaining more firmness and skill, the foundations we build will carry over to our workplace and allow us to succeed to higher degrees. This can be closely related to the build of a candle. The stronger and better the wax or oil is made, the more brilliant the candle will illuminate when ignited. A stronger light means for a better view. Others whitethorn use this strong light to guide them through many dark challenges that face them. Although the candle cannot be used as a tool for conduce protection, it offers a brighter understanding of what the individual may face, and from there they can make the correct judgment.Teachers serve as this candle, while students serve as the lost individual. If a teacher has a strong foundation in what they know, their wisdom can be passed on to their student so that they may make their way successfully to their future. Although the educator cannot be there to sit in the students chair and take the exam for them, they may deepen the students understanding of the concept and allow for them to make the right choices based upon their understanding. The can dle does not walk for the holder, but it will light the way so they know where to walk and what to avoid. The wonderful thing about candles is that their light does not diminish at all until all the wax or oiled is consumed.Educator will invariably have lessons to teach their student until all of their wisdom is consumed by the student. The only thing that can extinguish its flame otherwise is the carelessness of the holder allowing it to defuse. medication educators do not stray much at all to academic educators when it comes to comparing their impact upon students. The more knowledge and skill a music educator has will impact how bright their students future will be and how well they will master the art of their instrument. This is why it is important for music teachers to receive great education in all elements of music education. Then maybe one day, the student may grow up to become a well-made candle for another ambitious student to light the way to their future.

Learning Theory of Career Counseling Essay

The original theory (Krumboltz et al, 1976, Mitchell & Krumboltz, 1990), known as Career decision making tender schooling theory has recently been improved to the nurture theory of career counseling (Krumboltz and Mitchell, 1996). The latest version tries to combine realistic ideas, research, and procedures to offer 1 hypothesis that goes beyond an explanation of why individuals hunt for various jobs. Most recently, Krumboltz developed and integrated thoughts ab knocked out(p) the function of chance when it comes to career decision making. Synopsis of the teaching of this theory is given below.At the heart of Krumboltzs thinking is Banduras Social Learning Theory (SLT). Bandura identified a total of three types of training experiences which includeThe Instrumental learning experienceThis results from direct experience when an individual is positively reinforced or punished for some behavior and its associated cognitive skillsassociative learning experienceResults from direct e xperience together with reinforcement when an individual associates some previously affectively neutral event or stimulant drug with an emotionally charge stimulus.The Vicarious learning experienceHere is where large number learn vernal behaviors plus skills through observing behaviors of other individuals or even through the media.1) cordial LEARNING THEORY OF CAREER DECISION-MAKING (SLTCDM)This particular theory aims at in strivinging clients career decision making options at the same time utilize the triadic joint interaction concept. The role of instruments and associative learning is also emphasized. The practitioners tools are therefore reinforcement and modeling. The application of this theory to practice involves the practitioners effort to categorize and correct any wrong beliefs held by the client regarding th process of decision making.It was developed to answer the following questionswhy people enter particular educational course or jobswhy they whitethorn modify c ourse at some stage in their livesWhy individuals may show various desires for antithetic activities during different points in their livelihood.The following are identified as influential in these processes1.1 Influential factorsKrumboltz examines the impact of four different groups of factors1. Genetic Endowment and Special AbilitiesracegenderPhysical looks and traitsPeople differ both in their capacity to gain from learning experiences and to get bother to various learning experiences as a result of such types of hereditary qualities.2. Environmental Conditions and EventsSocial, cultural & politicalEconomic forcesNatural forces & resources.They are normally out of every persons control. Their influence can be planned or unplanned.3. Learning ExperiencesEach individual has a unique history of learning experiences that results choice of profession. They often dont recall the specific trait or series of these learning experiences, but they also recall those general conclusions fro m them (e.g. I love animals/ relieve oneselfing with children). The two main kinds of learning experiences as mentioned in this theory areInstrumental learning experienceIt consists ofPreceding circumstances/stimulusBehavioral responses (overt & covert)Consequences.Associative learning experienceThis is where individuals perceive an association involving two or more sets of stimuli in the surrounding. However, this in most cases could result to occupational stereotypes.4. labor Approach SkillsInteractions with learning experiences, hereditary characteristics, and finally ecological influence result in the improvement of task approach skills.These includepersonal standards of performancework habitsEmotional reactionsFormerly acquired task approach skills applied to a new undertaking or problem both influence the outcome of that task or hitch may they themselves be modified.1.2 Resulting cognitions, beliefs, skills & actionsAs a result of the complex interaction of these four types o f influencing factors (i.e. genetic endowment, environment, learning and task approach skills), people form generalizations (beliefs) which represent their own reality. These beliefs about them plus the world of work influence their method of approach towards learning new skills and finally affect their ambitions as swell up as their actions. . The SLTCDM refers to peoples beliefs about themselves as eitherObservation of the GeneralizationsAn overt or covert statement evaluating ones own performance or assessing ones own benefit and principles. Involves a constant assessment of our own performanceView of the World GeneralizationsObservations about our environment which is used to forecast what lead happen in the future and in other surrounding (e.g. the caring professions).1.2 Resulting cognitions, beliefs, skills & actionsAs a result of the complex interaction of these four types of influencing factors (i.e. genetic endowment, environment, learning and task approach skills), peop le form generalizations (beliefs) which represent their own reality. These beliefs about them plus the world of work influence their method of approach towards learning new skills and finally affect their ambitions as well as their actions. The SLTCDM refers to peoples beliefs about themselves as either

Taxation W/O Representation

The colonists strongly desired independence and separation from Britain once taxation without facsimile was imposed on them. The colonies struggled to earn their representation in the Parliament of their produce country. They were turned down repeatedly and this caused huge issues for the colonists it was the complete reason for the Revolutionary War. Therefore, the demand for no taxation without representation was the primary force to motivate the States against Britain and it was also a emblem for democracy.A primary cause is the definite reason to how much or to what extent therefore, the primary cause for the revolutionary faeces was Americas demand for no taxation without representation. Taxes were forced upon the 13 colonies to gain money for Britain. After the Seven Years War, King George III issued the ice lolly Act and the Stamp Act to simply raise revenue for the economy. These acts were imposed on the colonies without their word or representation. These acts drove the colonists to think for themselves and their own rights.The pursuit for life, liberty, and holding began, and drove the colonists strong desire for their representation. Although Britain repealed the Stamp Act due to the kindle of the colonies, they created the Declaratory Act, which gave them complete rights to control taxation and anything in solely cases whatsoever. Colonists of America believed that their rights and liberties were completely taken away because they had no representation in the Parliament.Many boycotts and restraints to the taxes took place- although many peaceful approaches were attempted to the King for the representation of the colonies. The olive Branch Petition is an example- this was sent to the king so they could be recognized and equally represented. Instead of introducing a violent approach, this enabled the colonists to put their say in how they cherished representation- non independence yet. This was one of the letters that were turned down by the king-it was argued that America did have representation in the Parliament.This angered the colonists because they did not believe they had just representation due to the fact that Britain was 3,000 miles away across the Atlantic Ocean and that it was almost impossible to them to be governed. Many began producing rhetoric speeches and poetry that showed their desire for independence and the anger that they were building up because they were turned down for their representation. A pamphlet titled the uncouth Sense by Thomas Paine brought upon the ideas that they should have independence fromBritain and a republican government instead-this pamphlet became extremely popular and sold over 150,000 copies. The acts that did not give proper representation led the colonists to boycott and think individually for their country-it was a primary source to the revolutionary movement including the Revolutionary War that ended with success of the Americans. These enabled the American colonists for desire for independence and a separation from Britain after organism repeatedly rejected. Not only did they not have much of a representation, but Britain rarely included the colonies.This was called salutary neglect-where Britain tended to forget about Americca and not focalise on them at all. Thomas Jefferson signed the Declaration of Independence in 1778, which was full of statements and reasons that justified why America should be separated- because they were rejected and still not represented properly. In this document it states that they relied on democratic consent of the governed. The imposed taxes without representation to America were a direct drive for democracy. This taxation without representation represents the amount of money value to independence and separation from Britain.Many documents and studies show that no taxation without representation is the primary cause for the revolutionary movement and is also a symbol of democracy. Document C introduces how the taxe s are completely imposed without the Americas consent- and that it is denied because it is not fair to the colonies that dont even get representation to their government. This proves that no taxation without representation enabled many letters and petitions to be sent to the king that angered the leaders and the other colonists because there is no consent of the governed.Document G-which is the Common Sense pamphlet explained above-is an example of the drive to independence and a symbol for democracy. It is evident that they belong to different systems. This justifies how it is simply not possible for America to be correctly represented. In conclusion, no taxation without representation angered the colonists and drove them to the revolutionary movement. It was the primary reason to motivate them and it was a symbol of democracy by forcing their desire to separate away from Britain and become their own government.

Explain what Plato meant by the Form of the Good Essay

Plato was an Ancient Greek philosopher whose writings and theories have greatly influenced the development of Western philosophy. mayhap his most famous theory is that of the mixtures pure ideas or concepts of what a THING is. It was Platos belief that as come up as this world, the material world or the world of Appearances, as he called it there exists another dimension, where the true Forms of every social function in the material world reside Reality, or the realm of the Forms. A Form, by Platos reckoning, is eternal, perfect and unchanging, un wish well the images or shadows of Forms that we see in the world of Appearances.In the material world, nothing is perfect, everything changes and eventually everything dies. However, Plato was a dualist, so he believed that as well as our mortal body we also have an immortal soul which existed before and will exist after our time in this world of appearances. The redact where our souls resided before we were born and will return to w hen we die is the realm of the Forms. This, according to Plato explains why we have an innate (though dim) recollection of what Forms are, and why we can recognize things exchangeable beauty and justice without being taught.Plato believed that the true philosopher was the one who knew about the Forms and was trying to appreciate and understand the Form of the trusty. The Form of the cracking is the highest in Platos pecking order of Forms, the highest reality. It is the source and the unity of all the other Forms, and illuminates them so that if one has understanding of the Form of the Good, they have understanding of all the Forms. In Platos analogy of the Cave, the Good is represented by the Sun, which is the source of all the objects that the escaped prisoner finds above ground. The Sun makes all the things above ground visible, just like the Form of the Good makes all the other Forms understandable.The Analogy of the Sun by Plato tells us more about the Form of the Good. Pla to believed that sight was the most noble of the five senses, because the other quaternity require only two things, a sensor and a sensed (eg. an ear and a sound, a nose and a smell). Sight, however, requires three an eye, a thing to be seen and the sun to provide light and make it possible for the eye to see it. Plato likens sight to reason reason requires somebody to understand/to be enlightened, a thing to understand, and the Good to make it possible to understand it. The Form of the Good cannot ever be wholly present in the world of Appearances however it can, like the other Forms, be reflected in a variety of ways.This, Plato argues, is the reason why we can call so many different things good because they all fit out to the true reality of goodness at least in part. A cake can be called good if it satisfies someones hunger and pleases their bask buds a chair can be called good if it is comfortable and doesnt break when you sit on it a person can be called good if they are kind to others, or if they volunteer in developing countries.But the Form of Good is all of these things, and more than all of these things, says Plato, and because all the Forms come from the Form of Good, every time Truth or Beauty or Justice is reflected in the world of Appearances, Good is being reflected too. Some battalion think that Platos theory of the Form of the Good doesnt work, because, they argue, around the world and through the ages there are different concepts and understandings of what it means to be good or what a good thing is, so there cannot possibly be a perfect singular Good to which all these different actions and people agree with. These people are known as moral relativists and they do not believe there is absolute morality, rather one must decide what is right and ill-treat from the particular situation they are in.For example, in some cultures, it is never a good thing to take a life, even if that person has done unutterable things including taking liv es themselves. However, in other cultures, if the person has done terrible things society will agree that they should be executed for the good of the rest of society and to nurse them from future crimes that the person could commit in the future. Plato was a moral absolutist, someone who does believe in a total, unchanging good. Moral absolutists would argue that just because not every culture recognizes the true goodness for what it is, that doesnt make it any less good.

Feasibility of Telehealth Essay

Health is a vital aspect of life, which is why it is important to have an access to different wellness economic aid work. The instaurations population is rising radically every year thus, the demand for quality health c are work in addition increases. With the application of modern engineering science the health system has been able to accommodate this demand in many countries through the implementation of Telehealth. In Canada, accessibility and distribution of health care services is influenced by aspects like large landmass, population concentration and economy and (Sevean, et. al., 2008). The feasibility of Telehealth as an instrument for de fitring health care services in Canada result be discussed in this paper, focusing on four key themes service to verdant areas, cost effectiveness, responsiveness and ease of access that will be tackled consecutively. The first carve up after the introduction aims to give an overview on what and how Telehealth works in Canada. Centr al to the arguments presented in this paper is the pros of using Telehealth by means of telecommunication technologies as a substitute to the actual patient role-to-health care provider interaction.Telehealth is defined by Health Canada (2000) as the application of telecommunications and information technology to the delivery of health care and health-related services and information over large and small distances. It is basically divided into two distinct parts the technology being used and the persons (patient or health care provider) (Thede, 2001, para. 2). Telehealth fit to Prinz, Cramer, and Englund uses four modes of telecommunication voice-only or telephone, video images or exchange of information through digital pictures, and virtual contract or video conferencing (Background section, para. 4). include in the Telehealth Ontario service is a contact number that you can Canadians can call 24 hours a day seven days a week. In consulting the health care provider through phone, once on the line, the health care provider, usually registered nurse, will asks the person on the other line to mention his or her health concern, the nurse will then evaluate the persons condition and will help him or her to determine the best pick visible(prenominal) for him or her whether to go see a doctor, admit himself or herself in an emergency room, the nurse can also advise self-care (Ontario Ministry of Health and semipermanent Care, 2009).Telehealth has already been incorporated in almost every medical field like Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Cardiology, Radiology and Oncology providing accuracy and more services to people. Telehealth aims to elevate the serviceability of health system by providing access for people who has a health concern anytime of any day anywhere. Telehealth provides better health service for people living in the rural areas. Canada has a large landmass with bodies of water surrounding it. The population is not equally distributed, most Canadians live i n urban areas, and some small communities are located at rural areas and the Aboriginals mostly live in small isolated areas. In the study they conducted in 2008, Sevean, Dampier, Spadoni, Strickland and, Pilatzke found out that Canadians who live in smaller isolated community do not have an access to a quality health care because even though Canada has an refined health services most of these health services centered on the urban areas and that is also why most health care professionals favor running(a) on urban areas resulting to a shortage of health care professionals in the rural areas.In addition, specific services might only be available to large hospitals that are mostly located on big cities, forcing people in isolated communities to travel miles by land, water or air to suit the medical help they need. Most road conditions in the rural areas are undeveloped increasing their inconvenience. Also, weather condition is also a great friendliness in accessing health care, ai r and sea travel is usually cancelled during storms most roads are also inaccessible when there is a starchy downpour of snow. Unavailability of help during emergencies results in fatality especially in the northern Aboriginal communities (Sevean et. al, 2008). By improving the access of health care for rural access it also decreases the mortality rate. Telehealth is designed to reduce the cost associated with the delivery of health care without compromising on the quality. Treatments and medications can be costly depending on the type and intervals plus the extra inconvenience associated with it such as travelling costs, hospital accommodations, stress, and physical limitations (Sevean et al., 2008). Included in the patients bill in the hospital is the room accommodation, the longer they stay at the hospital the more they have to pay.Through Telehealth, patients who underwent surgeries or had suffered illnesses have the option to check-out early and continue the recuperation in t heir own homes thus, decreaseing the costs of their hospitalization. As mentioned earlier, people who live in small isolated communities have to travel kilometers to miles in order for them to realise with their health practitioner on the cities to get medical attention or follow-up from post-recovery, through telehealth they are able to save on transportation, gas milage and other extra expenses like parking fee. Moreover, Saqui et al, (2011) argued that telehealth consultation decreases morbidity, prevent unnecessary suboptimal costly treatment, patient transfers and travelling cost when a change in the diagnosing and treatment plan occur (Discussion Section, para. 2) Through videoconferencing, Telehealth are able to give immediate diagnosis for a patient who needs urgent care (Saqui et al., 2011). A lot of effort is involve before a patient could meet with his or her doctor such as making an appointment, sorting his or her plan and so on and so forth.By the time the person wit h health concern meets with his or her doctor the illness might already aggravated consequently, the health care system through Telehealth provides a quicker and more efficient way on determining the type and seriousness of the patients and illness without leaving the blow of their homes. By contacting Telehealth as soon as a person notices some irregularities in the persons normal body functions that indicates that he may or may not be ill, enable that person who called to act immediately preventing the illness from advancing any further or on the other kick in be reassured that theres nothing to worry about. Furthermore, Telehealth also made the monitoring on recovering patients at their homes faster, the registered nurse in-charge of monitoring the patient can guide the patient in his recovery make through a streaming media. Any concerns that may arise in the recovery process can be solved a lot quicker, the patient can leave a message or phoned and the health care provider wi ll respond to it as soon as possible stating the fact that Telehealth service is available 24 hours a day.Moscovice and Rosenblalt (2000) that the quality of health care cannot be metrical by the morbidity and mortality rates, but by the ability of the health care provider to recognize and respond to their patient immediately. One thing that proves that Telehealth is workable in improving the delivery of health-care is its acceptability. Although Telehealth is designed mostly to cater the health care needs of people living in the rural areas and isolated communities, according to Health Canada, Telehealth service has been extended to the impoverished, the socially disadvantaged, the institutionalized and the urban and suburban households has been added recently. The Telehealth system is tailored to improve enhance the access of the lymph glands and their families to the health system in regards to their location, gender, age and condition.Prinz et. al, identify age as a barrier th at create health discrepancy because of the limited access to health care, home bound office and issues on transportation which is why in older patients, a branch of Telehealth called Telemonitoring is being used to provide an immediate respond in case of emergency, to part with them to stay at their homes, to lessen the risk for accidents and to delay the institutionalization ( Pruski and Knops, 2005). This branch of telehealth has been proven to improve the elders quality of life, making the task of the caregiver easier, and lessen the elders admission to the hospital.The high acceptability of Telehealth comes from its ability to provide maximum support not only for the patients but also for their families. The clients feel secured because they are in a familiar environment where their families could assist them. Moreover, Telehealth has been proven to lessen the stress involve in the health care process especially for the patients with disabilities because of the bring down wa iting time, omitting the need for transportation. In 2005, 100 % of the respondents in the Pediatric Surgical Telehealth Clinics survey conducted by Miller and Levesque indicated that they are satisfied in the service of Telehealth and would press it to others (Sevean et. al, 2008). ConclusionThe four key themes of Telehealth discussed above service to rural areas, cost effectiveness, responsiveness, and ease of access and acceptability, and the description on how Telehealth works illustrate its feasibility in delivering the health care the clients need and the advantages of using Telehealth versus the traditional way of patient-to-health care practitioners.Telehealth provides better health care services in the rural areas and isolated communities, it also lessen the cost of access to health care by decreasing the need to travel and other expenses, in addition Telehealth also provides an immediate feedback to the client or patient that is important during emergency, therefore decre ases mortality and morbidity rate and lastly, it is designed for various ages, gender, disease to provide an ease of access and acceptability. Telehealth In shoemakers last is a more efficient way of delivering care to people through the use of various modern technologies its feasibility has been proven. The health of future and current generations depends on the availability and efficient delivery of health care.ReferencesOffice of Health and the Information Highway, Health Canada. (March 2000). Evaluating Telehealth Solutions A Review and Synthesis of the Telehealth Evaluation Literature. Retrieved from http//www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hcs-sss/pubs/ehealth-esante/2000-tele- eval/index-eng.php Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-term Care. (2009). Telehealth Program.-Ministry Program-Public Information. Retrieved from http//www.health.gov.on.ca/en/public/programs/telehealth/ Prinz, L., Cramer, M., Englund, A. (July-August 2008). Telehealth A policy analysis for quality, impact on patient out comes, and political feasibility. Nursing Outlook. 56(4), 152-158. Retrieved from http//www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029655408000456Saqui O, Chang A, McGonigle S, Purdy B, Fairholm L, Baun M, Yeung M, Rossos P, Allard J. (2007). Telehealth videoconferencing Improving home parental alimentation parent care to rural areas of Ontario, Canada. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 31(3), 234-239. Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463150 Sevean P, Dampier S, Spadoni M, Strickland S, Pilatzke S. (2009). Patients and families experiences with video telehealth in rural/remote communities in Northern Canada. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 18(1), 2573-2579. Retrieved from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19694885Thede, Linda Q. (2001). Overview and compact Telehealth Promise Or Peril?. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. 6(30). Retrieved from www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volume62001/No3Sept01/Tele healthOverview.aspx Vincent, C., Reinharz, D., Deaudelin, I., Garcieau, M. (2005).Why some Health Care Professionals Adopt Telemonitoring and Others Not?. In Pruski, A. & Knops, H (Eds.). Assistive Technology From Virtuality to Reality. Amsterdam, Netherlands IOS shrink

Principle and Practice of Selling Essay

Ethics whitethorn be defined as the study of what is good and bad or what is practiced or wrong. It involves moral code conduct controlling the individuals and societies. People may differ sharply about what is honest or unethical behaviour, especially in complex, belligerent areas like business. Thus, in business areas, right or wrong decision making usually is based on economic criteria. Ethical dilemma squirt arises in a situation when each alternative choice or behaviour has some undesirable elements due to potentially negative ethical or personal consequences.Right or wrong cannot be clearly identified. In this chapter, there are four sub occurics that we need to cover that consist of gross revenue representatives morality in dealing with customers, sales reps ethics in dealing with their employers, sales representatives ethics dealing with their competitors and also managing sales ethics. In the first subtopic for salespersons ethics in dealing with their employers, the salesperson should know that misusing the company asset is one of the right or wrong behaviour.As everybody knows, the company assets are only be allowed to be use for official purpose only. Next, the moonlighting attitude where some employees go beyond long lunch hours, pickings personal phone calls and also excessive socializing to actually moonlighting on part time jobs during the same hours they are supposed to be working for their primeval employer. More than that, technology theft is also part of the salespersons ethics in dealing with employers. These days, every company provides their salesperson with computers, software and information on their customers.When the salesperson quit or is fired, they can easily take advantage by taking the organizations customer records to use for their future benefits. Last and not least, affecting other salesperson is also the unethical rehearses of one salesperson where he or she affect other salesperson like they may take customers awa y from co-workers. In next subtopic salespersons ethics in dealing with customers, there are some important points that every salesperson should be alert and aware of. Bribe is where a salesperson may attempt to bribe a buyer by offering money, gift, etc. The salesperson can be charged under law if they do so.Apart from that, misrepresentation can be in order to win the sale, some salesperson provide promise much more than they can deliver with the idea that the customers will later accept some reasonable excuses. The following point is plug into sales. It occurs when a buyer is required to buy other, unwanted products in order to buy a particular line of merchandise. Lastly, price discrimination. Many salespersons may practice price discrimination to improve their sales. Price discrimination refers to selling the same quantity of the product to different buyer at different prices.The next region in this chapter is managing sales ethics, which is include follow the draw, leader selection is important, establish a code of ethics, create ethical structures, encourage whistle-blowing, create an ethical sales climate and establish control systems. Follow the leader operator the Chief Executives must set the example of bad and good ethics thus the employee will know better about the right ethics as salespeople. Management must also carefully choose managers with high levels of moral development, and this is what we called as leader selection. ternary is about establish a code of ethics, where a formal statement of companys values concerning ethics and social issues. Beside that create ethical structures cab be divided into ethical committee which group of executives appointed to oversee company ethics and second is ethical ombudsman where official given the province of corporate conscience that hears and investigates ethical complaints and informs top management to potential ethical issues. Encourage whistle-blowing is employee disclosure of illegal, immoral, or illegitimate practice on the employers part.Also, the top level manager must support code of ethics to create an ethical sales climate. Lastly, establish control systems in managing the sales ethics means dismissal, demotion, suspension, reprimand and withholding of the sale commissions would be possible penalties for unethical sale practices. As an addition to this chapter we found salespeoples ethics in dealing with their competitors beside of their ethics to customers and employers as mentioned above. Here we will discuss about several salespeoples ethic in dealing with their competitors. Firstly, belittle the competitors publicly.It is unethical to belittle the competitors by envision their product as inferior or even shoddy and worthless. To gain the trust from customers, salespeople may even indicate that competitive products are better. Second is stealing shelf space. It also unethical to decease competitors share of shelf space placing competing products at back or cro wding them together. Moreover, it could encourage the same action from competitors. Third is untruthful statement, where also unethical to salespeople to make untruthful stamen about their competitors and efficiency ruin the salespersons reputation easily.And finally tempering the competitors product which is not only unethical but also illegal for salespeople to damage competitors product, tamper with their displays and point of sale materials or reduce their product shelf space in retail shop and elsewhere. In conclusion, to be an ethical salesperson we must to well known the good ethics that should be followed and what is the bad ethic that should be avoid. Salespeople that do the right things will success in future while part of them who do the wrong things might be fired one day or might face many problems especially law.

Environmental Science Notes Essay

1. Green revolution intro of scientifically bred or selected varieties of grain that butt end greatly increase crop yields. 2. Things that cause seasons on earthly concern earth tilted on axis, solarize distribution 3. Large scale hydroelectric projects around the world 3 gorges dam, dams going on in india 4. Age distribution diagrams ZPG=looks like a building that doesnt change, bottom same as top. die away maturation=base a bit longer than top but non quite a pyramid. Rapid growth=WIDE base, narrow top, like a pyramid 5. Waste water word process abridge water, drain out sludge, have sludge argona, water goes through process to overprotect more sludge out, water gets ae wanderd, water gets carryed with Cl to subvert bacteria. 6. Human pop on earth 6.8 billion. US pop 300 million. Most populated countries china, india, US 7. Soil horizons O,A,B,C. O is organic existent and leaf litter and such. A is top foulness and humus. B is parent material. C is bed endocarp, squar e(a) rock8. Rule of 70 70/percent=time it will take to double population 9. transposition level fertility reproducing enough babies to replace yourself(in developed countries, its 2.1, but in developing, its 2.5 because of babe mortality) 10. Waste created by nuclear power plants hot muff in solid liquid or shove off state 11. Biggest threats to biodiversity HIPPO, habitat loss, invasive species, population growth, pollution, and overexploitation 12. Integrated pest management slew come in and solve your pest problem without using harmful chemicals or pesticides.Situations are space specific and take a longer time to solve. 13. Aquaculture trapping fish in a coast, or netted fenced area of water to use for produce and food or commercial use 14. demographic transition model preindustrial, transitional, industrial, postindustrial. Pre- senior high birth and final stage rates. Trans- high birth rates and subaltern death rates. Ind- upseter birth rates, and same death rates. Post- birth and death rates equal 15. Photosynthesis CO2+H2OO2+C6H12O6. needs solar energy 16. Half life radioactive vector decomposition of how long it takes for half of material to decay 17. Tragedy of the commons when a renewable available to everyone resource is depleted 18. Population growth rate equation (births-deaths)/1019. Genetic engineering getting genes from one organism and putting them in another(prenominal) organisms to get desired trait 20. 1st and second law of thermodynamics 1st states that energy is neither created nor destroyed. 2nd states that as energy is changed and moves up trophic levels, it decreases 21. Where is combust located around world US in mountainous areas, Russia, china, and Australia 22. Denitrification ammonium to N gas. Assimilation when plants and animals turn nitrates into amino acids and proteins. Ammonification nitrates to ammonium. Nitrification N gas to nitrates and nitrites. Nitrogen statistical regression Nitrogen to nitrogen gas t hat is ready to go to nitrites23. Montreal protocol when they noticed that ozone was disappearing, they banned chlorofluorocarbons in industries and anything else in 1987 24. Antarctic treaty of 1961 countries could only use Antarctica for peaceful matters 25. Pop growth curves irruptive- overshootdie digest. Cyclic predator and courses pop patterns change together. Logistic exponential to carrying mental object then moves around the carrying patterns a little. 26. Carrying capacity biotic potential + environmental resistance, what population the environment can withstandWhat I kind of experience1. Cons of mining shoots 90% of nonfuel mineral and rock recourses, 60% of coal used in US destroys forests, contaminates streams and groundwater, leaves passing erodible hills of rubble, susceptible to chemical weather conditioning, slow vegetation regrowth, injurys and buries streams below, toxic wastewater, produces song pollution 2. Ways to shrivel up soil erosion terracing (gro wing food on slopes), no till farming, windbreaks of trees, strip cropping, contour farming 3. progress to of fluctuation of CO2 levels during a year amount of trees, photosynthetic activity, glowing dodo fuels, trash, power multiplication and transport 4. Surface mining to remove mineral deposits found fairly close to the earths surface, removing soil, subsoil and other strata. 5. Types of irrigation drip-delivers small amts of water onto crop roots (best). Flood-delivers more water than needed for a crop to grow. Centro pivotal- spray attachments water crops6. Consequences of global temporaryerature increase melting ice and snow, less sunlight reflected back into space, rising sea levels, changing ocean currents, more acidic seas, change in precipitation and weather extremes, and disrupting ecosystems, more radiation 7. Pros and cons of dams pros-cheap electricity, reduces downstream flooding, provide year round water for irrigation. Cons displace people, disrupt aquatic sys tems, and prevent fish to swim upstream and get caught in it and die 8. Ozone layer function filter out most of suns harmful ultraviolet radiation 9. Cause of stratospheric ozone loss chlorofluorocarbons use, ODCs, halons, hydrobromofluorocarbons, methyl bromide, HCl, carbochluorides, methyl chloroform, n-propyl bromide, hexachlorobutadicine.10. Ways to reduce atmospherical CO2 cut fossil fuel use, shift from coal to natural gas, improve energy efficiency, shift to renewable energy resources, transfer energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies to developing contries, reduce deforestation, use sustainable agriculture and forestry, reduce poverty, slow population growth 11. Season when ozone hole is most noticeable October, Antarctic spring (winter) 12. DDT, mercury pesticides that are toxic to populace and are very persistent and a lot of the time they go to the wrong species and they disrupt the ecosystem. They are broad spectrum pesticides.13. P cycle P circulates through water, earths crust, and nourishment things, it is the most take hold because it does not become gaseous. C cycle C circulated through earths air, water, soil, and living things and it depends on photosynthesis and respiration. N cycle bacteria helps recycle N through the earths air, water, soil and living organisms (N fixationnitrificationassimilationammonificationdenitrificationN fixation). Water cycle evaporation, condensation, precipitation, percolation 14. Importance of genetic diversity resistance to heap extinctions, monocultures, and inbreeding 15. Biomes, locations, reasons for why they are located in certain areas1. Gasification agricultural wastes, including wood wastes any of various(a) processes by which coal is rancid into low, medium or high BTU gases 2. Cogeneration production of 2 useful forms of energy, such as high temp heat or steam and electricity, from the same fuel source 3. Cultural eutrophication benignant activities that greatly despatch the input of plant nutrients to a lake (mostly NO3 and phosphate). 4. Sand low porosity and high permeability. Clay low permeability and high porosity. Porosity is the volume of pore space. Silt has low to average porosity and average permeability. permeableness is the ability of water to flow through the soil5. Incinerating trash burning trash, boiling water to make steam for heating water of space for producing electricity. Cons expensive to build, costs more than short distance cart to demesnefills, difficult to site because of citizen opposition, some air pollution, older poorly managed facilities can release large amts of air pollution, output approach that encourages waste production, competes with recycling for burnable materials like newspaper. Pros reduces trash volumes, less need for landfills, low water pollution, concentrates unassured substances into ash for burial or use as landfill cover, sale of energy reduces cost, current controls reduce air pollution, some facilities recover and sell metals.6. Sun angle, fewer daylight hours, tropospheric length has not enough solar radiation to reach the surface, high Albeao and less water vapor causes polar areas to get really cold. 7. Integrated waste management variety of strategies for waste reduction and management to deal with our produced solid wasted reduce, reuse and recycle 8. Layers of atmosphere troposphere is closest to earths surface and contains 90% of mass of entire atmosphere. Stratosphere has the ozone layer that absorbs UV rays from sun and protects life on earth. Mesosphere is the coldest layer of the atmosphere. The mesopause is the boundary between mesosphere and thermosphere. Thermosphere is the blend in layer of atmosphere and it is warmer than mesosphere and has a little O2 and has a layer of ionized gases9. Waste created by coal power plants heat to troposphere, CO2 and air pollution 10. Pros and cons of coal power pros- ample supply, high net energy, low cost, well developed mining a nd combustion technology, air pollution can be reduced with improved technologies. Cons severe land disturbance, air pollution, water pollution, high land use, severe threats to human health, high CO2 emissions, radioactive particles and toxi mercury into air 11. Pros and cons of nuclear power pros- large fuel supply, low envir. Impact, emits 1/6 as much CO2 as coal, moderate land use and breakout and water pollution, and Low risk of accidents. Cons- expensive, low net energy yield, catastrophic accidents, no solution for radioactive waste storage, terrorist attacks, weapons 12. Source of radon some soil and rock13. Tropospheric ozone air pollutant, bad ozone because it can damage living tissue and break down certain materials 14. Acid rain caused by coal burning power plants, ore smelters and industrial plants that use tall smokestacks to emit SO2 and NO2 into troposphere. Consequences 2-14 day persistence, ruins sensitive soil, worsens respiratory disease, attacks metallic and st one, decreases atmospheric visibility, kills fish, depletes soil of vital plant nutrients and harms crops and plants. Solutions improving energy efficiency, reduce coal use, increase natural gas use and renewable energy resourcs, burn low sulfur coal, remove SO2 and NO2 from smokestack gases, remove NO2 from go vehicular exhaust, tax emissions of SO2, add lime to neutralize acidified lakes and add phosphate fertilizer to neutralize acidified lakes. pH of rain 5.6 or less. Problem in eastern US.15. Greenhouse gases and their sources water vapor, CO2, CH4, NO2, O3. Sources are burning fossil fuels, electricity production, transportation, industry, commercial and residential, agriculture, land use and forestry. 16. LD-50 median lethal dose of a toxin, radiation or pathogen is dose required to kill the members of a tested pop after specified test continuance 17. Radon Rn-222 is a natural occurring gas that is colorless and odorless and radioactive found in some soil and rock, seeps i nto homes and buildings and can cause lung cancer. Lichen can indicate it 18. Clean water act attempt to control efforts of pollution of countrys surface waters. Standards for allowed levels of key water pollutants and requires polluters to get permits limiting how much of various pollutants can discharge into aquatic systems 19. Clean air act causes lakes to be acidic. Made to prevent smog and prevent more air pollution disasters, air pollutant regulations for key pollutants20. How carbon is removed from the atmosphere remove from smokestack and vehicle emissions, store by planting trees, sequester turbid underground, sequester in soil by using no till conservation and taking cropland out of production, sequester CO2 deep in ocean, repair leaky gas pipelines and facilities, use animal feeds that reduce methane emissions by belching cows. 21. UN convocation of the human environment expanding understanding of envir. Issues, gathering and evaluation envir. Data, develop and monitor international envir. Treaties, provide grants and loans for sustainable econ. Devel. And reducing poverty, help more than 1nations develop envir. Laws and institutions 22. Reclamation of disturbed lands process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds or lake. Stabilized against the hazards of water and wind erosion 23. RCRA resource conservation and recovery act regulates dangerous waste produced in the US passed in 1976 amended in 1984. Goal to prevent unsafe and illicit disposal of hazardous wastes on the land.24. Uranium-235 isotope of uranium making up about .72% of the natural uranium sustains fission chain reaction 25. Biomagnifications increase in concentration of DDT, PCBs, and other slowly degradable far soluble chemicals in organisms at successively higher trophic levels of a food chain or web. 26. Efficiency of an candent lightbulb (5%), photosynthesis (1%), coal power (33%) 27. Fecal coliform bacteria various strains of E. Coli to detect the presence of infectiou s agents in water 28. Consequences of SO2, lead, O3 in troposphere, and particulates SO2- breathing problems, visibility reduction and aggravation of asthma, damages crops, trees, soils, and lake aquatic life, corrodes metals and damages paint, paper, and welt and stone on buildings.O3- coughing, breathing problems, reduces resistance to colds and pneumonia, irritates eyes, nose, and throat, aggravates asthma, bronchitis, emphysema and heart disease and damages plants, rubber in tires, fabrics and paints. Particulates- irritate the nose and throat, damage lungs, aggravate asthma and bronchitis, shortens life. Lead- mutations, reproductive problems, cancer, nervous system damage, mental backwardness and digestive and other health problems, reduce visibility and corrode metals and discolor clothes and paints. 29. CERCLA requires parties responsible for creating a hazardous waste site to be responsible for its cleanup30. NAFTA goal to eliminate barriers to trade and coronation betwe en US, Canada and Mexico to eliminate tariffs on more than of Mexicos exports to the US. Try to pressure countries to improve envir. Protection mechanics 31. Electrostatic precipitators to remove particulates, after they are in smokestack gas, it gives them a negative charge, they are attracted to a positively charged precipitator wall and fall off the wall into a collector, they maintain and remove 99% of particulate, but use a lot of electricity and do not remove hazardous ultrafine particles and produce a toxic dust that must be disposed of safely. 32. Alternatives to chlorine in waste water treatment microfiltration, ultrafiltration, ion exchange

The Case About Rf and Tatarstan Delegation of Authorities

THE CASE ABOUT RF AND TATARSTAN DELEGATION OF AUTHORITIES 1. wherefore Tatarstan was succeeded to be the elected region in terms of its authorities? As far as I could understand, the reasons why Tatarstan was chosen for delegation of Authorities and this conformity are mostly historical. Historical and political preconditions of Tatarstan morose in such way, that Russian Federation and Tatarstan were nearly in equal position. For example, Tatarstan was independent co-founder of USSR, Tatarstan Tatarstan did non enrol in election of State Duma in December 1993, Tatarstan did not sign the Federative Agreement in 1992.This shows the take of independence of Tatarstan from Russian Federation. In my opinion, Tatarstan was not very powerful republic, thus, to keep on bristleing it require an on the wholeiance. It had political independence, further in terms of resources and power it did not have much. Russia, on the other hand, cherished to avoid appearance of another country jus t in the very heart of it. To avoid restate of Chechnya Case, Russian Authorities decided to change the way they behave about it. Instead of gaining power using military forces, Russian Federation took the way of diplomacy and political alliance.Thus, we can govern that both sides required this agreement, bith sides could benefit from it, but in my opinion, Tatarstan would need it more than Russia, in the eluding of different location. 2. Suggest both(prenominal) more or less objective criteria to select regions for establishing special favorable regime of relations with the federal center. This question in my point of view cannot have theoretical solution, because in any different case there would be new accomplishments and new terms, that would challenge the theory pretty much.But still, some tips could be defined. I think that in century of innovations and technological development, very important aspect would be potential station of development of the region. Its not imp ortant how much the region is developed, its much more critical how can we develop it. In what way we can grow industry, or culture or handicraft or any other side of life of country. This criterion is very subjective, I understand this, but this is more an advantage than a disadvantage.Because government should realize itself, for what reason it needs the region, why it is necessary to develop favorable relations with this or that region, in what way it could be profitable. From history of Russian Empire we bash examples of having totally useless for Empire regions (Poland) and caused a lot of trouble in tries to keep it quiet and not rebelling. 3. What is the authors opinion on respect of whether special delegation of authorities between Tatarstan and RF is a good thing? Do you agree with him and why?On example of RF and Tatarstan Agreement we can see how idea of federal construction, integration and decentralization actually works. Author has very validating opinion about cr eating decentralized country and going on forward in development of this way. I do not have any real opinion about this, but if we look at 70 years of centralized country, and look at what do we have to suffer afterwards, I would say that decentralization is the right way to develop country federal structure, so that all the knowledge and all the experience is circulating among regions, and let develop the weak.

the increase in electoral support for the Nazi Party

To what end was the increase in electoral support for the national socialist troupe in the years 1928-33 the result of effectual propaganda and electi 1ering? The years 1928 to 1933 were very significant for the national socialist companionship and their leader, Adolf Hitler. After the attempted Munich Putsch, the Nazi company had easy and truly entered the political spotlight of German politics and had successfully re-established itself after Hitler was released from prison in 1924. Following on from being so heavily in the public eye, the Nazi Party had a rise in support due to increased a wareness of the company, but 1928 marked a suck up increase in this.There are many factors that contributed to this increase in electoral support for the Nazi Party from 1928-1933, but it was largely due to trenchant propaganda and electi aceering. Nazi propaganda was under leadership of Joseph Goebbels, who was able to identify the concerns of only sectors at bottom the German populati on and use this to create a remarkable propaganda scheme. An example of this is where workers were addressed with posters word-painting endless queues of unemployed tidy sum, suggesting that Hitler would be able to abolish unemployment a miracle that was readily accepted by this group.As well as targeting specific groups, Goebbels was able to manipulate a variety of propaganda techniques, from using posters to nursery rhymes to the radio. The Nazi Party presented an image that appealed to everyone through their use of propaganda. It is because of propaganda that they were able to convince the public of their ability to transform the country to one ridden with debts, political instability and embarrassment to a global superpower that was successful in every aspect. up to now now, Nazi propaganda is still viewed as a remarkable achievement for the Nazi Party and is undoubtedly one of the main reasons why Nazi support increased from 1928-1933.Electioneering is the other main reason for the increase in electoral support. In terms of Nazi policy itself, although it was controversial, Hitler was careful to be very careful active certain points curiously regarding religion. The 25 Point Programme of the Party depicted that it represents the point of view of positive degree Christianity, whereas in reality the Nazi Party stood for the complete opposite. With the majority of Germans being Christian (2/3 of these were Catholic and 1/3 Protestant), the Nazis could not afford to alienate the Church and risk beat back the majority of the electorate. Throughout their electioneering, the Nazis used the SA to intimidate the opposition andsometimes even black market out such violent attacks that political figures, especially Communist politicians, were unable to continue their own electioneering. This allowed the Nazi party to reduce their opposition and allowed them to manipulate the public further using their effective propaganda. As the Nazi Party organised propag anda rallies to build up electoral support, they also organised members to attend the rallies disguised as potential choosers. This gave the impression that the party was extremely popular and therefore encouraged voters that might otherwise vote for another larger party to support the Nazis instead. These propaganda rallies were used to persuaded all of Germany to vote for Hitler and his party because Hitler was able to constantly travel around the country using an airplane. This electioneering meant that he was able to at a time address potential supports and use propaganda to convince them to vote Nazi. It could be claimed that Hitler himself contributed largely to the electoral success of the Nazi Party. Many women found Hitler aesthetically attractive and emphasis was placed on his bright blue eyeball and his friendly nature towards children. Men found Hitler as a man to admire he was magnetized and some newspapers even labelled him Hitler the Superman. Above all, Hitler w as a brilliant auditor and had the ability to trance audiences that was unmatched by no other politician and delivered speeches with such power that it was hard not to be swept in by his manipulative and misleading words. However, it could not be said that Hitler himself contributed to the increase in electoral support to a larger extent than propaganda and electioneering. Another factor that could be argued to have resulted in the increase in electoral support is the very climate of Germany during that time. Following on from the failure of war in 1918, Germany was stampeded with crises after crises. In economic terms, the funding of the war had resulted in inflation and forced Germany to imbibe loans from the USA in order to pay the 6600 million in reparations. This meant that when America suffered from the Wall Street Crash, Germany was bear on by Depression in 1926. Living standards plummeted and Germany was on the verge of a civil war. Consequently, the German people looked towards extremist parties to provide them with the revolutionary change needed to return Germany to a least a overtone stability. Again, whilst this was a big factor in increase of Nazi support, the situation in Germany was balancing out, especially as the effects of hyperinflation were weakening by 1925. Therefore, the hardships that Germany faced during this period cannot be accountable for the increase in the Nazi Partys electoral success compared to the propaganda and electoral success that was constant throughout 1928-1933. In conclusion, the increase in electoral support for the Nazi Party in the years 1928-33 was the result of effective propaganda and electioneering to a far extent. A variety of factors contributed to this increase, including Hitlers personality and the downfall of Germany during the post-war years. However, the strongest factors were persistently the Nazis propaganda campaign that was led by Goebbels and their electioneering methods. Through this, they were able to specifically target groups within the electorate and develop the Nazi image itself which drew support from voters and caused the German people to trust them to restore Germanys former status.

Role of Business Economic Development

Chapter 1 Introduction Page 1. 1 Background03 1. 2 Financial sparing firmament04 1. 3 littlefinance04 1. 4 Economy of Bangladesh05 1. 5 Objectives of the term paper06 Chapter- 2 Conceptual issues 2. 1 The Garment manufacture of Bangladesh 06 2. 2 Agriculture07 2. 3 Textile Sector08 2. 4 Manufacturing and perseverance09 2. 5 Banking and Finance10 2. 6 Statistical Position of Economy in Bangladesh 10 Chapter-3 Database 3. 1 Economic alteration11 3. 2 Economic performance12 Chapter 4 purpose of The Study Page 4. 1 Garments & Textiles 12 4. 2 Spinning 16 4. 3 Frozen Foods 18 . 4 Leather 19 4. 5 Electronics 20 4. 6 Agriculture 21 4. 7 Information Technology 24 4. 8 Pharmaceuticals 25 Chapter-5 Conclusion 5. 1 analysis of Major Findings 27 5. 2 Economic effect 28 5. 3 Policy Recommendation 28 Chapter 1 Introduction There is no denying the fact that the efficient patronage field plays a satisfying role in the stintingal using of a boorish. The grandeur of an efficient sti nting celestial sphere lies in the fact that, it ensures interior(prenominal) resources mobilization, generation of savings, and investing fundss in outputive arenas.In fact, it is the agreement by which a grounds most moneymaking and efficient projects argon governing bodyatic whollyy and continuously directed to the most productive sources of future discipline. The fiscal system non only transfers funds from savers to investors it must be able to select projects which go away yield the highest returns, accumulate sufficient quantities of capital to fund the lead for the hills of investing projects across economic activities, bill for price risks across assets, monitor performance, and enforce contracts.The commodiousr the business sector in the context of the oerall economy, the greater the handle of lending by depository or else than central banks, and the greater the shargon of credit to confidential sector rather than public sector, the greater is the en umerate of economic harvest. The rural beas economy is based on agriculture. Rice, jute, tea, sugar earth-closete, tobacco, and wheat are the study crops. Bangladesh is the originations largest taker of jute. Fishing is as well as an important economic activity, and beef, dairy farm products, and poultry are also buildd. . 1-Background Bangladesh, since its independence in 1971, had to experience several(prenominal) military rules besides democratically elected authorities associated with major constitution-making assassinations. Regardless of all the provoke disputes, the country everlastingly pushed to achieve economic, social and developmental success finished introduction and implementation of un corresponding policies during the ruling period of contrary elected g all overnments as well as at the condemnation when the country was declared to be under the emergency rule.Bangladesh, named in the name of the developing nations, is blessed with several essential advantages over developed countries. Examples of such are huge reserves of oil, intrinsic gas, coal, timber and the only natural port of the compassionateity that connects SAARC and ASEAN business hub together. The utilization of such natural assets are closed to zero. Foreign donors are granting financial aids for restoreation and infrastructure development of the country. Loans are beingness taken on monstrous interest, by GOB, from World Bank and Asian Development Bank for developmental purposes. 1. -Financial economic sector The financial sector consists of the central bank, Bangladesh Bank, 4 state owned commercial banks, 5 government-owned narrow (development) banks, 30 domesticated private commercial banks, 9 external-owned commercial banks, and 29 NBFIs. In terms of both exertion assets and deposits, private commercial banks command the greatest market share. Additionally, 298 micro credit organizations are licensed by the Micro credit Regulatory Authority (MRA) . Insurance companies, stock exchanges, and cooperative banks comprise a smaller break in of the financial system.As of August 2008 the net domestic assets of the countrys banking system were valued at BDT 1. 9 trillion ($28 billion). 1. 3- Microfinance The average annual crop rate in the microfinance sector in Bangladesh over the five stratums 20032008 was 23 per centum. It is expected to reach 25 per centum annually over the succeeding(a) three years (20092012) as a result of growing demand for larger loan sizes. disrespect its significant outreachestimated at 60 portion of all Bangladeshi householdsmicrofinance assets re of import less than 2 percent of GDP, having increased only marginally relative to GDP since 2001.The total loan portfolio of the microfinance sector is estimated to exceed BDT one hundred thirty-five billion and total borrowers, to exceed 30 one million million million. Although it is difficult to estimate the unique look of microfinance borrowers, victorious into account their cross-indebtedness to different microfinance providers, they likely issuing 18 million. It is estimated that just over 60 percent of them have income on a lower floor the poverty line. The Micro credit Regulatory Authority Act of 2006 limits two important potential MFI backing sources decentlyfulness enthronisations and deposits.Foreign up-to-dateness financing is also effectively prohibited. MFIs in general have admission fee backing for most MFIs. These sources seem commensurate to cover current place upright needs. 1. 4- Economy of Bangladesh Bangladesh is an agriculture driven economy. keep vote down of 54% of the population of the nation is directly and indirectly involved in farming and lives in country-bred areas (World Bank, 2011). ascribable to soil fertility and ample cut of water, having the blessing of thousands of rivers and its branches zigzagging nation colossal.Bangladesh can harvest three crops every(prenominal) year. Ap art from the fact that cyclones and floods damage crops every year, the production of crops meets substantial topical anaesthetic consumption demand barely are not grown sufficiently enough for merchandise purposes. Where both men and women are diligent in generating foreign revenue and contrisolelying to the GDP. The third sector which contributes greatly to the economy of the nation is the merchandise of man military force which brings remittances by Bangladeshi workers working abroad, such as in Middle-East Singapore, Malaysia, and so onDue to cultural and religious norms, women antecedently stayed within the compound of their houses and were liable to take care of the house-hold activities, whereas men were regarded as the only earner and head of the family. CIA World Fact-Book, produce in 2010, economy structure of Bangladesh is as follows- GDP(PPP) $259. 30 Billion GDP out exploitation 6. 00% GDP(Per Capita) $1,700 Public Debt / topic Budget 39. 30% / $11. 43 Billion flash Rate 8. 10% exportingingings $16. 24 Billion Imports $21. 34 Billion External Debts $24. 6 Billion Table-1 Economics Of Bangladesh (Source CIA World Factbook,2010) Released beat-up physical composition of World Bank, in 2007, estimated Bangladesh of becoming a Middle income country. It has been suggested, to reach the goal, Bangladesh should emphasize to deepen its industrial base, integrate more into world-wide markets and prioritize urban economic development. The country has large reserves of natural gas, vegetable oil deposits and low-grade coal. All these minerals are rare and demanding in the global market, specially for industrial and Energy-generation purposes.Cheap elbow grease-force advantages make the topical anaesthetic manufactured Products highly competitive in global markets through and through FDI, introduced and encouraged Firstly by the government formed in 1991. The major source of foreign earnings is being Transacted from garments and materials export and remittances sent al-Qaeda by Bangladeshi workers living abroad. 1. 5-Objectives of the term paper The broad objective of the study is to examine the crystallises that took perplex in Bangladesh and to explore the financial implications of the reforms.Followings are the specific objectives of the study To review the economic sector reform programs To compare the financial performance of the economic system in Bangladesh before and after implementation of the economic sector reforms To identify different problem areas of the economic sector of Bangladesh, which still needed careful restructuring for smash performance and To suggest some policy measures for tone uping the restructuring mechanism. Chapter- 2 Conceptual issues 2. 1 The garment application of BangladeshThe garment industry has played a pioneering role in the development of industrial sector of Bangladesh. though it took a rather late start i. e. , in 1976 but it soon established its reputation in the world market within a short span of time. Resultantly garment is now one of the main export items of the country. Besides, enriching the countrys economy it has played a very important role in alleviating unemployment. At point there are more than two thousand one hundred garment factories in the country employing more than 12 lack labors. 85 percent of the labor force is women. . 2 Agriculture roughly Bangladeshis earn their living from agriculture. Although rice and jute are the primary crops, maize and vegetables are assuming greater importance. tea leaf is grown in the northeast. Because of Bangladeshs potent soil and normally ample water supply, rice can be grown and harvested three times a year in many areas. Population pressure continues to rear end a severe burden on productive condenser, creating a food deficit, especially of wheat. Foreign financial aid and commercial imports fill the gap, but seasonal worker hunger remains a problem.Underemployment remains a since re problem, and a growing concern for Bangladeshs pastoral sector leave alone be its ability to absorb redundant manpower. Finding alternative sources of employment will continue to be a daunting problem some Bangladeshis earn their living from agriculture. Although rice and jute are the primary crops, maize and vegetables are assuming greater importance. teatime is grown in the northeast. Because of Bangladeshs racy soil and normally ample water supply, rice can be grown and harvested three times a year in many areas.Due to a number of factors, These accept bring out flood control and irrigation, a generally more efficient use of fertilizers, and the establishment of better distribution and rural credit networks. Population pressure continues to place a severe burden on productive capacity, creating a food deficit, especially of wheat. Foreign assistance and commercial imports fill the gap, but seasonal hunger remains a problem. Underemployment remains a serious problem, and a growing concern for Bangladeshs agricultural sector will be its ability to absorb additional manpower. pic Map showing the growing areas of major agricultural products.Main article Agriculture of Bangladesh 2. 3 Textile sector Bangladeshs textile industry, which includes knitwear and ready-made garments along with specialized textile products, is the nations number onexport earner, accounting for 80% of Bangladeshs exports of $15. 56 billion in 2009. Bangladesh is 2nd in world textile exports, and China which exported $120. 1 billion worth of textiles in 2009. The industry employs n primeval 3. 5 million workers. Current exports have doubled since 2004. Wages in Bangladeshs textile industry were the lowest in the world as of 2010. picThe country was considered the most formidable rival to China where wages were rapidly rising and coin was appreciating. As of 2011 wages remained low for the 3 million commonwealth employed in the industry, but labor unrest was increasing despite vigorous government action to enforce labor peace. Owners of textile firms and their political allies were a powerful political influence in Bangladesh. 2. 4 Manufacturing and industry Many tender jobs mostly for women have been created by the countrys dynamic private ready-made garment industry. Eastern Bengal was known for its finely muslin and silk fabric before the British period.The dyes, thread, and cloth were the envy of much of the pre-modern world. Bengali muslin, silk, and brocade were worn by the aristocracy of Asia and Europe. The introduction of machine-made textiles from England in the late eighteenth century spelled doom for the costly and time-consuming hand loom process. Cotton growing died out in East Bengal, and the textile industry became pendant on imported yarn. Those who had earned their living in the textile industry were forced to rely more completely on farming. Only the smallest vestiges of a once-thriving cottage industry survived. 2. 5 Banking & F inance The banking system dominates the financial sector accounting for about 97% of the market in terms of assets. * Government has undertaken major reform initiatives to improve the regulatory and legal environments for banks. * Several specialist development financial institutions have been providing long-term debt, equity financing and leasing. pic 2. 6- Statistical Position of Economy in Bangladesh The Economy in 2009-2010 Currency Taka (Tk. GDP at current price Tk. 6,149,432 million Annual per Capita GDP Tk. 42,638 GDP result rate at constant price 5. 88 percent Industrial growth rate at constant price 8. 05 percent Inflation rate 5. 4 percent investing rate 25. 6 percent of GDP National savings rate 30 percent of GDP Exports (US$) US$ 12,816. 11 million Foreign arriere pensee US$ 6,562. 0 million (up to May 2008-2009 financial year) Import and Export Principal Industries Jute, tea, textiles, garments, paper, newsprint, fertilizer, strap and l ather gods, sugar, cement, fish affect, pharmaceuticals, chemical industries, etc. Traditional Export Items Raw jute, jute manufactures (hessian sacking, carpet backing, carpets), jute products, tea, leather, leather products etc. Non-traditional Export Items Garments, crisp shrimps, other fish products, newsprint, paper, naphtha, furnace oil, urea, ceramic products, light engineering items etc. Principal Imports Wheat, oil, seeds, crude petroleum, stinging cotton, edible oil, petroleum products, fertilizer, cement, staple fibers, Raw Cotton, iron & steel, capital safes, pharmaceuticals raw materials etc. Chapter-3 Database 3. 1- Economic Transformation The Bangladeshi economy has shown great resilience in the face of the recent global economic crisis and turning point and has continued to grow at a healthy rate. Since 1996, the economy has grown 5% 6% per year.Political instability, poor people infrastructure, corruption, insufficient power supplies, and slow imple mentation of economic reforms have not slowed down growth. Economists agree that the country has the potential to achieve a higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) growth rate if these roadblocks are adequately addressed. More than fractional of GDP is generated through the service sector, but nearly two-thirds of Bangladeshis are employed in the agriculture sector. The share of agriculture in the labor force is 45%, in industry 30% and in go 25%. The share of the service sector in GDP is 52. 6% while industrys share is 28. % and agricultures 18. 7%. In 2009, garment exports, totaling $12. 3 billion and remittances from overseas Bangladeshis totaling $9. 7 billion accounted for almost 25% of GDP. The country was not completely immune from the global economic downswing the principal adverse effect of the recession was a reduction in export revenue in 2009. It came on the back of a very high growth of 23% in 2008. However, overall exports declined by only 2. 0%. Despite recent hi gh growth rates, socioeconomic development is still not favorable for the majority of the population. 3. -Economic performance Bangladeshis have portal to a water point. However, due to the discovery of arsenic trioxide in the ground water, only 76% of these can now be considered safe. In 2006, the Joint supervise Program by WHO and UNICEF reported that 51% of urban areas had improved sanitation facilities and only 7% of urban areas had sewerage connection. In addition, only 32% of the rural population was using improved sanitation in 2006. Female economic activity accounts for 52. 7% of the economy, but females earn less than half the income of their male counterparts.The number of poor women is higher than their male counterparts and the extremely poor is generally women, while there is a higher proportion of a female-headed household than male-headed ones among the ultra-poor. However, the country has made significant progress in achieving gender similitude in primary and se condary education. Rural areas still lack basic health care facilities and educational institutions. The number of health care facilities in rural areas has not grown as quickly as the number of education institutions, thanks to the NGOs working in the education sector.Child underweight rates have hovered at about 46% since 2000. The total number of undernourished people in Bangladesh is approximately 41 million. Overall, jibe to the 2010 data, the HDI for Bangladesh was 0. 469 with a rank of 129 out of 168 countries. The 2005 data shows that the Gini index is 31. 0. Economic indicators 2007 2008 2009 2010 GDP $ mm 68415. 4 79554. 4 89359. 8 100357. 0 GDP growth % 6. 6. 2 5. 7 6. 1 Inflation (CPI) % 9. 1 8. 9 5. 4 8. 1 Unemployment % - Foreign direct % of GDP 1. 0 1. 3 0. 8 1. 0 investment Export growth % 13. 7. 0 0. 0 0. 9 Import growth % 16. 0 -2. 1 -2. 6 0. 7 Current account $ mm 856. 9 926. 2 3556. 1 2502. 4 bance Chapter 4 Finding of The Study 4. 1 GARMENT AND TEXTILES The garments and textiles industry sector is the biggest export earner sector of Bangladesh with value of over US$12. 347 billion of exports in 2008-2009. Our factories design and produce for the worlds leading brands and retailers, like Reebok, GAP, Wal-Mart, Hudson Bay, Puma, etc. This rapidly growing sector of the Bangladeshi economy offers a unique competitive edge that supports profitable expansion into new strategic markets. Year No. of garment Employment (in Export of RMG Total export of % of RMG to total factories million workers) (in million US$)Bangladesh (in millionexport US$) 2005-06 4,220 2. 2 7,900. 80 10,526. 16 75. 08 2006-07 4,490 2. 4 9,211. 23 12,177. 86 75. 64 2007-08 4,743 2. 8 10,699. 80 14,110. 80 75. 83 2008-09 4,825 3. 1 12,347. 7 15,565. 19 79. 33 SourceBangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters railroad tie (BGMEA) intentness Background and Status The phenomenal growt h in RMG was experienced in the last decade. In 1984-85, no of Garment factories was 800 RMG jointly with knitwear accounted for more than 70% of total investments in the manufacturing sector during the first half of the 1990s. At present with about 4,000 factories and a custody of two million, 80% of which are women, employing over 50% of the industrial workforce and having 75% of the total exports earning of the country.Exhibit 6. 1 shows the growth of RMG exports from Bangladesh since 1981-82. Main apparel items exported from Bangladesh (in million US$) Year Shirt Trouser Jacket jersey Sweater 2005-06 1,056. 69 2,165. 25 389. 52 1,781. 51 1,044. 01 2006-07 943. 44 2,201. 32 1,005. 06 2,208. 90 1,248. 09 2007-08 915. 6 2,512. 74 1,181. 52 2,765. 56 1,474. 09 2008-09 1000. 16 3,007. 29 1,299. 74 3,065. 86 1,858. 2 SourceBangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) Industry Outlook Multi-Fiber Agreement (MFA) and Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) of the EU are the main factors behind acquainting Bangladesh RMG products to global market ensuring assured market access. Bangladesh is now a significant RMG supplier to North the States and Europe. Due to phasing out of MFA, many are doubtful about Bangladeshs ability to maintain the fast growth of the recent years in this sector but Bangladesh has taken a better position in the U. S. A market through competition.However, on a more validatory note, Bangladesh is expected to maintain its tariff-free access to EU under the European GSP, since the GSP is not covered by the Uruguay Round Agreement. Recently, Canada has also provided tariff-free access of all the items from Bangladesh. Marketing network has been spread over the economies of the continents. End users could well recognize and differentiate the products confidently. Bangladesh RMG industry largely depends on the imported yarns and fabrics. Bangladesh produces only 10% of export- grapheme cloth utilize by the garments indu stry.The need for establishment of backward-linkage industry has become an immediate concern to the government and the exporters. There are bulky opportunities in view up composite textiles industry combining textile, yarn and garments. Investment Opportunities and government support RMG and textile sectors have enormous investment opportunities. The government of Bangladesh has created a highly favorable policy framework for investment in these sectors pass investors the following choices 1) Establishment of new textile / RMG mill in the private sector. 2) Joint ventures with the existing textile / RMG mill. ) Acquisition of public sector textile mill that are being privatized. 4) Indirect investment through financial services and / or leasing. To meet up the local anaesthetic demands, backward linkage is a significant trading opportunity and is supported by a government backed incentive 15% cash subsidy of the fabric cost to exporters sourcing fabrics locally. * SPINNING Val ue Addition to the Fibrous Substances Spinning is the first timber in textile value chain that adds value to the fibrous substances by converting them into yarn or wrap through the processes of drawing, twisting and winding (Exhibit 1).Characteristics of the yarn vary based on the materials used, fiber length and alignment, standard of fiber used and degree of twist. The earliest spinning probably involved simply twisting the fibers in the hand. Later, the use of a stick to ease twist the fiber was introduced. Drop spinning involves the use of a stick with a whorl or weight to stabilize the spinning of the stick (called a ear). The spindle is spun, and hangs supported by the yarn as more fiber is introduced. This introduced fiber picks up the twist and becomes yarn. However, the development of spinning wheel allowed a continuous and faster yarn production.Spinning wheels are either foot or hand powered. Modern powered spinning, genuinely done by water or steam power but now do ne by electricity, is extensively faster than hand spinning. Materials that can be used to create yarn fall into three broad classes plant, animal, and synthetic. 1) Plant materials cotton, flax (to produce linen), hemp, raffia, yucca, coconut husk, 2) Animal materials wool, fanny (angora or Cashmere goat), rabbit (angora), llama, alpaca, dog, camel, silk, 3) Synthetic materials polyester, nylon, rayon, acetate, Mylar 4) Apart from the above, mineral materials like asbestos are also used, but not very often. Spinning Industry in Bangladesh Development of spinning industry in Bangladesh is closely associated with the development of Textile and Clothing (T&C) sector as a whole. Power-driven modern textiles in Bengal were traced back to early twentieth century. Before 1947, modern textiles were only the composite textile mills having spinning and weaving facilities. Later, activities like specialized textile weaving, knitting and hosiery and dyeing-printing-finishing were added.Du ring 1947, there were about 11 composite textile mills in Bangladesh (then East Pakistan) with 1. 1 million spindles and 2. 7 thousand looms. Spindles grew to 3. 2 million in 1956 but declined to 0. 8 million in 1972 as worn-out obsolete spindles went out of operation. In 1972, large-scale manufacturing units including textile mills were nationalized. After 1982, state-owned spinning mills were gradually denationalized. By 1999, spindles installed were 2. 8 million (2. 4 million in the private sector and 0. 4 million in the public sector) with an annual production capacity of 200 million kg.BOI sector Survey found that in 2004, about 3. 44 million spindles are producing 382 million kg of yarn for the textile industry (Exhibit 2). pic Challenges of and Supports to the Spinners The success of a robust textile sector largely depends upon an improved and reliable spinning sub-sector. If spinning sub-sector produces substandard / inferior yarn, its adverse effect persists right across th e entire value chain. Availability of raw materials, transportation, port facilities and tariff rationalization are the learn challenges to the spinners.The Government has been supporting the spinners providing lower tariff for machinery spares and raw materials, cash incentives, reduced tax rate, and low-cost funding etc. Investment Outlook Textile & Clothing is the largest manufacturing sector of Bangladesh providing over 4 million jobs, accounting for 5% of GDP, 40% of manufacturing value addition and 75% of total foreign exchange earnings. The growing demands for yarn in the local market, comparatively low cost of doing business, lucrative incentive package, favorable investment policy regime etc are the main reasons for investment in this sustainable sector.Spinning could be chosen. 4. 3 FROZEN FOODS The frozen foods export is the second largest export sector of the country. After some initial difficulties in terms of quality achievement, exporters have earned credibility and trustworthiness in the global market. Assurance of reliable and continued product quality is a major challenge in this sector. Technology orientation, market perceptions, and quality improvement aspects adopt foreign investment in this sector. The current challenges of international trading are largely dictated by price, quality, time and service.Industry Situation Exporters have earned credibility and trustworthiness in the global market and are committed to maintaining a competitive advantage in product quality. Continuing investment in technology, marketing and quality remain at the forefront of the industries strategy to meet the challenges of international trade in price, quality, time and service. Industry Outlook Frozen food sub-sector has credible opportunities in Middle East, EU and North American countries and Far Eastern countries. In 2004-05, total fish production was 2. 216 million metric tons of which 8. 2 metric . tons were shrimp. At present, there are 868 fish ha tcheries and farm of which 218,000 hectors of shrimp farm. This export-oriented industry includes the following sub-sectors, which need proper attention for augmentation of production, attain international standard quality and export earnings. 1) Hatcheries, Sustainable aqua-culture technology. 2) Feed-meals plants, treat unit for value-added products. 3) Investment in frozen food sector with new technology and equipment has a vast potential for growth. * LEATHER Industry SituationBangladesh leather industry is dominated substantially by the domestic investment which is mostly export-oriented. The leather includes some ready-made garments, although that aspect is continued mainly to a small export-trade in Italian-make garments for the US market. Footwear is more important in terms of value addition. This is the fast growing sector for leather products. Presently Bangladesh produces between 2 and 3 percent of the worlds leather market. nearly of the livestock base for this product ion is domestic which is estimated as comprising 1. 8 percent of the worlds cows stock and 3. percent of the goat stock. The hides andskins (average annual output is 150 million sq. ft. ) have a good international reputation. Foreign direct investment in this sector along with the production of tanning chemicals appears to be highly rewarding. Having the basic raw materials for leather goods as well as for the production of leather shoe, a large pool of low cost but trainable labor force together with tariff assignment facility to major importing countries under GSP coverage, Bangladesh can be a potential off land location for leather and leather products manufacturing with low cost but high quality.In 2004-05 total export of leather goods was 220. 93 million US$ on the other hand it is 257. 27 million US$ during 2005-06 FY. Industry Outlook Provision of newly announced infrastructural facilities through establishment of an integrated Leather Park and simultaneously, growth in th e global demand, opportunities for investing in and setting up export-oriented leather industry in Bangladesh is definitely attractive. Foreign investors are welcome to capitalize on this opportunity. 4. 5 ELECTRONICS Industry Background The electronics industry in Bangladesh mostly produces consumer items.Home appliances like television, radio, VCD and CD players, refrigerator, air conditioners, oven, electronic fan, blenders etc. are being assembled to a large extent. To ensure the performance reliability, the key challenges in this sector are technical assistance and proper technology orientation of the industry. Developing the significant capacity and skill in assembly and manufacture of a wide range of electronic components and parts is curacies. As yet, Bangladesh does not have any telecom equipment industry in the private sector.However, an urgent need for diversification and modernization is felt among the existing entrepreneurs, government and professionals. Government is piercing to provide and ensure enabling assistance to the development of this sector. Industry Outlook and Opportunities Skilled, easily trainable and low-cost human resources are the main cost advantage of setting up electronic industry in Bangladesh. evolution domestic demand and international market access are some key attractive issues to the investors. In the economies like Malaysia, Singapore, Korea and Thailand, electronics contribute a major portion in the GDP.They are encouraging electronic industry to shift from low-end assembly operations with high import content of inputs to upstream higher- value-added activities. In this context, relocation, outward investment and joint venture with Bangladeshi companies could be gainful strategies. To capitalize on the comparative advantages, substantial foreign investment from those countries is highly encouraged. * AGRICULTURE Sector Highlights Bangladesh has a tropical climate, a lot of fresh water, then a land interspersed wit h numerous rivers, fertile soil and possibility to cultivate crops round the year.So it is unique to supply raw materials for the agro-based industry. The abundance of natural resources available in Bangladesh supports a range of highly profitable investment opportunities in agribusiness. Over 90 varieties of vegetable are grown in Bangladesh, yet in this fertile land there is underutilization of the countrys agricultural capacity. This presents many opportunities for investors seeking to export agricultural products, or to meet the rapidly growing local demand. Thriving in this sector arecanned juices,fruits, vegetables,dairy and poultry.The country offers 1) Huge supply of raw materials exists for the agribusiness industry. 2) A tropical climate for all year growing, a lot of fresh water, indeed a land interspersed with numerous rivers, available land with fertile soil. 3) Government and NGOs have been conducting regular training programs to develop skilled manpower for agro-based industry. 4) Wide range of biodiversity exists for different crops. 5) Agricultural commodities have a comparatively higher value added than non-agricultural commodities.Investment opportunities There is a wide smorgasbord of investment opportunities including * Cold storage facilities serving the supply chain, especially fresh produce for export. * Fresh produce production for local and export markets. * Production of fertilizers and cultivation of seeds. * Eco-friendly jute production, supported by jute technology development institutes. * runt farming, Halalfoods, Milk and dairy products. * High value-added foods for export, including herbs, spices, nuts and pulses.Industry Incentives The government encourages development of the agricultural sector through measures to increase crop sector productiveness and production of non-crop agriculture. To achieve this, the government provides increased credit, and facilitates greater access to inputs and modern technology. Sector Backgr ound Being an agrarian economy, agriculture has dominated in the economy for years. It has accomplish the preconditions of access to input and raw materials in setting up successful agro-based industries.Alluvial soil, a year-round frost-free environment, adequate water supply and abundance of cheap labor are available in Bangladesh. Increased cultivation of vegetables, spices and tropical fruits now grown in Bangladesh could supply raw materials to local agro-processing industries for both domestic and export markets. In 2005-06, Export of agricultural products accounted for about 1% of total export amounting US$ 76. 24 million. Industry Outlook To avail the competitive and comparative advantages, Bangladesh invites progressive agricultural-practices, improved marketing technique and modern processing facilities.The government emphasizes development of the agricultural sector through appropriate measures to increase crop sector productivity and production of non-crop agriculture b y providing increased credit, and facilitating greater access to inputs and modern technology. Investment interests in setting up agro-based industries in Bangladesh are highly encouraged. To promote agro-based industries and attract investment in this sector, Board of Investment organized Agri-Invest 2003 Bangladesh in December 2003.This first ever exposition created huge interest among the foreign and local investors. 4. 7 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Sector Highlights 1) To investigate the IT industry robustly, deregulation of the telephone has been decided and execute by mid-2003. 2) The extensive growth of mobile telephony resulted in significant opportunities. 3) The industry is at its prefatory stage and has opportunity of capitalizing the potential. 4) Bangladesh has a well-educated, skilled, dedicated and growing IT workforce. 5) There is a fast growing domestic market and export demand. ) Strong research assistance from the universities and research institutions are available. Industry Background Compared to the live India, Pakistan and other South and South East Asian nations, Bangladesh is lagging behind in IT Sector. provided it is dependable that the sector has vast potentiality to develop. Availability of substantial number of qualified and experienced young people in various branches of engineering, science and technologies have opened up the scope of profitable investment in these sectors.Existing investment in IT sector is mainly small-scale and domestic in nature. Collaboration in the IT sector is mainly based on licensing agreements and representation. A growing number of computer training schools and institutes are being opened. Management of most of the IT firms is professionally strengthened with the Bangladeshis who have studied and worked in both North America and Europe, and returned home. The annual market size for IT including computer hardware, peripherals and software was estimated to be worth approximately US$ 20 million.The market is fast growing at an annual rate of about 25%. The country has over 400,000 PCs Submarine Cable Bangladesh has joined the consortium of SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable, which starts its commercial activities from 21st may, 2006. This will especially help prosperous data entry and software sectors. The landing station of this cable is situated at Jhelong in Coxs bazaar. There are 14 countries of this consortium the countries are Singapore, Thailand, UAE, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, KSA, Egypt, Tunisia, Italy, Algeria and France.It has connected 16 telecommunication organizations of 14 countries. With the direct help from submarine cable Bangladesh can earn more foreign currency by increasing international voice circuit (e. g. submarine cable will give support to establish 100,000 voice circuits. Voice and data communication will be faster. Consortium has created capacity pool, which we can sell also can manage IRV. Broad band service, data transmission, call centre, softwar e export will be cheaper. Unemployed youths can easily engage themselves in those services by taking short term training.Bangladesh has right to land 15 landing station without charge. It will help velvety operation of E-commerce, E-governance, E-education, Telemedicine etc. So, there are huge chances of development of ICT sector and finally government will be financially benefited. 4. 8 PHERMACEUTICALS 1) Pharmaceutical products have huge demand both in local and overseas market. 2) There are huge demand-supply gap in pharmaceutical products. 3) Bangladesh offers a good number of qualified, skilled pharmacists, bio-chemists, micro-biologists, and chemists for pharmaceutical industries. ) Government offers support for importing raw materials for production. 5) Present Government has taken initiatives to modernize, distend and attract foreign investment in pharmaceutical industries, and for this adopted national medicine policy (revised) 2005, which will help to adapt with the chan ging world under WTO/TRIPS. pic Outlook Considering the overall demand, pharmaceuticals is one of the emerging sectors in Bangladesh. Government offers different incentives for importing raw materials pharmaceutical industries. This particular sector has huge potential of growth in the future.For sustainable return, pharmaceutical sector could be a rational choice. Chapter-5 Conclusion 5. 1 Summary of Major Findings The economic sector has tremendous impact on socio-economic structure of the country. It also brings economic successfulness for the any country. We believe that there must be a saturation point for any industry. But for our economic sector, still we are away from it. The economy is likely to grow at a akin pace as experienced over the last ten years of around 6. 2 percent in fiscal 2009-10, despite the continued global economic slowdown, Bangladesh Bank express . Most indicators in the first quarter of fiscal 2009-10 point to a more moderate level of economic expans ion, the BB said in its latest quarterly review. The BB projection means that the growth is likely to fall short of the governments original tail of 7. 2 percent GDP growth for the current fiscal year. Bangladesh Bank will produce forecasts for economic growth on a regular basis, in line with the common practice in other central banks across the world The significant remittance growth is likely to have positive consequences for both domestic consumption and investment .The third development centres around the healthy growth in private sector credit, which during the first quarter this year grew by 19. 9 percent against a target of 18. 4 percent. This suggests that the credit envelope will not be a constraint towards achieving the overall economic growth targets. Gross domestic agricultural production is expected to be 2. 2 percent higher than that of the previous year, of 65. 6 million tones, on the back of government incentives and higher agricultural credit disbursement. The indu strial sector is projected to grow between 7. percent and 7. 75 percent in fiscal 2009-10, down from the 9. 47 percent seen last fiscal year, but in line with the average industry sector growth rate over the last ten years Economic growth was also slopped in the outgoing year despite some clouds over export earning. The GDP (gross domestic product) growth was 6. 32 percent in FY 2009-10, which was marginally lower than the 6. 71 percent of the previous FY 2008-09, but higher than many other neighboring countries. The GDP for the current FY 2010-11 has been targeted at 7. 2 percent. 5. 2 Economic Performance A steady average annual GDP growth of 5% over the last decade. * Inflation has been kept in single-digit. * Exports have been gradually shifted from traditional goods to more value added items. * Emphasis has been put on manufacturing of backward linkage of Readymade Garments, Pharmaceuticals Industries and IT sector. * The private sector is playing an increasingly active role i n the economic life of the country, while the public sector concentrates more on the physical, social infrastructure and policy making. 5. 3 Policy RecommendationThe restructuring measures taken so far are definitely not sufficient considering the gravity of the situation. ground on the above discussion the following steps may need to be taken as reform or restructuring measures to speed up the progress The problem of excess liquid asset of the banks should be handled with due attention. In order to utilize the excess liquidity A number of measures were taken to strengthen the legal framework. However, in order to attain the benefit of improved legal framework, enforcement of legislations should be ensured.Legal procedures should be dewy-eyed and disposal of case should be speedier. Government interference, political involvement, pressure from the trade unions has to be reduced for the static function. For developing the asset utilization ratio, portfolio of asset structure s hould be rearranged by removing the non-earning assets or transforming the non-earning assets into earning one. Technological up-gradation of the banking system is needed equipped with state-of-the-art infrastructure and logistics. Lastly, the problem of Bangladesh financial system is widespread and not cerebrate to banking system only. Therefore the scope of the reform measures should also be applied to the non-bank financial institutions. Reference list * Released beat-up report of World Bank, in 2007, estimated Bangladesh. * Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) * Bangladesh Export statistics 2009-10, Dhaka, Bangladesh. * A report of Garments published in the magazine, April 2008. * Economic Review 2010 * Review of Bangladesh Development 2009 * A report of economics published in the magazine, April 2011