Learning Theory of Career Counseling Essay

The original theory (Krumboltz et al, 1976, Mitchell & Krumboltz, 1990), known as Career decision making tender schooling theory has recently been improved to the nurture theory of career counseling (Krumboltz and Mitchell, 1996). The latest version tries to combine realistic ideas, research, and procedures to offer 1 hypothesis that goes beyond an explanation of why individuals hunt for various jobs. Most recently, Krumboltz developed and integrated thoughts ab knocked out(p) the function of chance when it comes to career decision making. Synopsis of the teaching of this theory is given below.At the heart of Krumboltzs thinking is Banduras Social Learning Theory (SLT). Bandura identified a total of three types of training experiences which includeThe Instrumental learning experienceThis results from direct experience when an individual is positively reinforced or punished for some behavior and its associated cognitive skillsassociative learning experienceResults from direct e xperience together with reinforcement when an individual associates some previously affectively neutral event or stimulant drug with an emotionally charge stimulus.The Vicarious learning experienceHere is where large number learn vernal behaviors plus skills through observing behaviors of other individuals or even through the media.1) cordial LEARNING THEORY OF CAREER DECISION-MAKING (SLTCDM)This particular theory aims at in strivinging clients career decision making options at the same time utilize the triadic joint interaction concept. The role of instruments and associative learning is also emphasized. The practitioners tools are therefore reinforcement and modeling. The application of this theory to practice involves the practitioners effort to categorize and correct any wrong beliefs held by the client regarding th process of decision making.It was developed to answer the following questionswhy people enter particular educational course or jobswhy they whitethorn modify c ourse at some stage in their livesWhy individuals may show various desires for antithetic activities during different points in their livelihood.The following are identified as influential in these processes1.1 Influential factorsKrumboltz examines the impact of four different groups of factors1. Genetic Endowment and Special AbilitiesracegenderPhysical looks and traitsPeople differ both in their capacity to gain from learning experiences and to get bother to various learning experiences as a result of such types of hereditary qualities.2. Environmental Conditions and EventsSocial, cultural & politicalEconomic forcesNatural forces & resources.They are normally out of every persons control. Their influence can be planned or unplanned.3. Learning ExperiencesEach individual has a unique history of learning experiences that results choice of profession. They often dont recall the specific trait or series of these learning experiences, but they also recall those general conclusions fro m them (e.g. I love animals/ relieve oneselfing with children). The two main kinds of learning experiences as mentioned in this theory areInstrumental learning experienceIt consists ofPreceding circumstances/stimulusBehavioral responses (overt & covert)Consequences.Associative learning experienceThis is where individuals perceive an association involving two or more sets of stimuli in the surrounding. However, this in most cases could result to occupational stereotypes.4. labor Approach SkillsInteractions with learning experiences, hereditary characteristics, and finally ecological influence result in the improvement of task approach skills.These includepersonal standards of performancework habitsEmotional reactionsFormerly acquired task approach skills applied to a new undertaking or problem both influence the outcome of that task or hitch may they themselves be modified.1.2 Resulting cognitions, beliefs, skills & actionsAs a result of the complex interaction of these four types o f influencing factors (i.e. genetic endowment, environment, learning and task approach skills), people form generalizations (beliefs) which represent their own reality. These beliefs about them plus the world of work influence their method of approach towards learning new skills and finally affect their ambitions as swell up as their actions. . The SLTCDM refers to peoples beliefs about themselves as eitherObservation of the GeneralizationsAn overt or covert statement evaluating ones own performance or assessing ones own benefit and principles. Involves a constant assessment of our own performanceView of the World GeneralizationsObservations about our environment which is used to forecast what lead happen in the future and in other surrounding (e.g. the caring professions).1.2 Resulting cognitions, beliefs, skills & actionsAs a result of the complex interaction of these four types of influencing factors (i.e. genetic endowment, environment, learning and task approach skills), peop le form generalizations (beliefs) which represent their own reality. These beliefs about them plus the world of work influence their method of approach towards learning new skills and finally affect their ambitions as well as their actions. The SLTCDM refers to peoples beliefs about themselves as either